不同有氧固态发酵方式对酒糟腐熟过程的影响.docVIP

不同有氧固态发酵方式对酒糟腐熟过程的影响 　　摘要 从农业固体废弃物资源化利用角度出发，设计了以酒糟为原料，稻草秸秆、锯末粉和生石灰为填充料的高温堆肥体系，探索该堆肥体系的主要指标的动态变化。处理T3（酒糟+锯末粉+稻草秸秆+生石灰+菌种1）在第6天堆体温度达到56 ℃，持续12 d后温度降到55 ℃以下；在整个堆肥过程中，各处理的水分散失为13.82%～27.62%；处理T3 pH值在第9天达到最低，为5.1，随后缓慢上升且24 d后基本趋于7左右；处理T3碳含量在21 d后共减少10.15%，是未发酵前碳含量的21.39%；处理T3的全氮值在第6天达到最低，为2.51%，而后逐步增大至3.52%，处理T3 C/N最后稳定在10.58；处理T3在第4天后的发芽指数即达到50%以上，快速达到无害化腐熟标准。在本试验条件下处理T3有利于酒糟有机肥的快速腐熟进而达到安全无害化，是酒糟废弃物资源化生产有机肥的途径之一。 　　关键词 酒糟；有氧固态发酵；堆肥；腐熟指标 　　中图分类号 TQ92 文献标识码 A 文章编号 1007-5739（2015）19-0238-04 　　Abstract From agricultural solid waste resource of the view，taking vinasse as raw material，and rice straw，sawdust powder and quicklime as filling material，a high temperature composting system was designed to explore the dynamic changes of the main indicators of the composting system.The results showed that the temperature of T3 Treatment（vinasse +sawdust powder + straw + quicklime + Strain 1）raised rapidly to 56 ℃ on the sixth day，and lasted for more than 12 d over 55 ℃，the moisture losses of all treatments were between 13.82% and 27.62%，the pH values of the T3 Treatment decreased first with the lowest point 5.1 and increased afterwards，and stabilized at around 7.0 after 24 d，for the T3 Treatment，the C content decreased by 10.15% and was 21.39% of that before fermentation. The N content first decreased to 2.51% and then rose to 3.52%. The C/N ratio was kept to 10.58 after 21 d，furthermore，germination index of the T3 Treatment reached over 50% on the fourth day，meeting the standard of maturity of vinasse compost. Under our conditions，the T3 Treatment took advantages for the maturity of vinasse compost，thus becoming a new strategy of vinasse waste re-utilization. 　　Key words vinasse；aerobic solid-state fermentation；composting；composting index 　　贵州省据不完全统计年产白酒酒糟约200万t，白酒酒糟经过“九蒸九烤”工艺后含水量大，极易发生发酵腐败，散发恶臭易对环境造成污染[1]。白酒酒糟含有大量粗脂肪、粗淀粉、粗蛋白等营养成分，同时含有丰富的氮磷钾和多糖等成分，是极好的有机肥源[2]。由于白酒酒糟稻壳含量较高，适口性很差，只能作为动物饲料的添加料，不能充分利用酒糟废弃资源，而利用酒糟原料制作有机肥料，既能解决环保问题，变废为宝，又可以为绿色农业生产提供优质有机肥料，减少化肥的使用量，具有较高的经济效益、环保效益