介词 连词.docVIP

语法复习专题（5） Unit5 介词和连词 一、考点聚焦 1、介词的分类与语法功能 （1）介词是虚词，不能单独作句子成分，必须与名词、代词（或相当于名词的其他词类、短语或从句等）构成介词短语，在句中充当一个成分。介词分为：简单介词，如at、in、for等；合成介词，如within、inside、onto、througout等；短语介词，如according to、out of、because of、by means of、in spite of、instead of等。双重介词，如from behind / above / under、until after等。分词介词，如considering、including、judging from / by 等。 常见的介词宾语：名词、代词、动名词、从句、不定式等。如： ①It is going to rain this afternoon according to the weather forecast. ②He quarrelled with her yesterday. ③He succeeded in passing the final exam. ④I’m still thinking of how I can fulfil the task ahead of time. ⑤The professor will give us a talk on how to study English well. （2）介词短语在句中可作表语、定语、状语和宾补等。如： ①This machine is in good condition. 表语 ②Where is the key to my bike? 定语 ③Nothing in the world could live without air or water. 状语 ④She always thinks herself above others.（宾补） 2、介词搭配 （1）“动词+介词”搭配：注意特定搭配与同一介词与多个动词搭配意义不同的情况。 ①rob sb. of sth. / clear the road of snow “夺去、除去”意 义的动词与of 连用 ②supply us with food / fill the glass with wine（“供给”意义的动词与with连用） ③make a desk of wood / make bread from flour / make the material into a coat（“制作、制造”意义与of、from、into连用） ④介词 + the + 部位与动词的关系（ 动词 + sb.’s + 部位，可换用） strike him on the head “击，拍，碰，摸”意义与on连用 catch him by the arm “抓，拉，拿，扯”意义与by连用 hit the boy in the face（“肚，胸，眼，脸”等人体前部与in连用） ⑤prevent stop, keep sb. from doing sth. “阻止，禁止”意义与from连用 ⑥persuade advise, warn sb. into doing sth.（“说服，建议”意义与into连用） ⑦buy sb. for sth. leave、get、win、gain、lose等“得失”意义与for连用 ⑧tell sth.to sb. show、teach、sing、write、read等“告知”意义与to连用 ⑨give sth. to sb.（give、allow、promise、pass、hand等“授予”意义与to连用） 注意：⑦⑧⑨可换成buy sb.sth.双宾结构。 ⑩say to sb. suggest、explain、apologize、murmur、whisper与“对象”连用必须用to 不可说suggest sb.sth.。 同一动词与不同介词搭配意义不同。 for（寻找） to sth. of 听说 on 拜访 look to 眺望 agree with sb. hear call for 需要 at（看） on sth. from 收到信 in 请 同一介词与不同动词搭配，意义各异。 reply to the letter回信，sing dance to the music和……唱（跳），amount to 达到，加起来有……，devote to把……贡献给，drink to为……干杯，object to反对，look forward to 渴望，come to苏醒，belong to属于，se