[中学联盟]山东省成武县大田集镇初级中学人教新目标九年级英语中考专项复习导学案非谓语动词（十六）.docVIP

非谓语动词（十六） 主编人：李勋龙 【复习目标】 1．非谓语动词与谓语动词的相同点与不同点。 2．非谓语动词的用法。 【导学过程】 非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词、分词（现在分词和过去分词），．即动词的非谓语形式除了不能独立作谓语外,可以承担句子的任何成分。非谓语动词的功能及用法： (一)不定式的句法功能： ①作主语： To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard．[来源:学科网] 动词不定式短语作主语时，常用it作形式主语，真正的主语不定式置于句后,如： It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes． 常用句式有： 1、It+be+名词+to do． 2、It takes sb．+some time+to do． 3、It+be+形容词+of sb+to do 4．It +be+形容词+for sb+to do． 常用careless, clever, good, foolish, honest, kind, lazy, nice, right, silly, stupid, wise,等表示赞扬或批评的形容词，不定式前的sb．可作其逻辑主语。 ②作表语： Our plan is to finish the work on time．[来源:学+科+网] ③作宾语： He began to learn French three years ago．常与不定式做宾语连用的动词有：want, hope, wish, offer, fail, plan, learn, pretend, refuse, manage, help, agree, promise, prefer等。 如果不定式（宾语）后面有宾语补足语，则用it作形式宾语，真正的宾语（不定式）后置，放在宾语补足语后面，例如： Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia． 动词不定式前有时可与疑问词连用，如：I really don’t know what to do about it． ④作宾语补足语：Our teacher often asks us to speak English as much as possible． 在复合宾语中，动词不定式可充当宾语补足语，如下动词常跟这种复合宾语：want, wish, ask, tell, order, beg, permit, help, advise, persuade, allow, prepare, cause, call on, wait for, invite等。 动词不定式在感官动词see,watch,hear,feel,和使役动词let,make等词后面作宾语补足语时常省去不定式符号to,另外在had better后也不带to, help后可带to也可不带to,如： Let’s go to school together． Her mother makes her do her homework every evening． 但改为被动语态时，不定式要加to, 如： I saw him cross the road．→ He was seen to cross the road． ⑤作定语：动词不定式作定语，放在所修饰的名词或代词后． I have many things to do． Do you have anything interesting to say? ⑥作状语：表目的: He worked day and night to get the [来源:Z_xx_k.Com] money． 表结果：He arrived late to find the train gone． 表原因：They were very sad to hear the news．表程度：The question is simple for him to answer．⑦作独立成分： To tell you the truth, I don’t like the way he talked．⑧不定式的省略：保留to省略do动词。 If you don’t want to do it, you don’t need to． ⑨不定式的并列:第二个不定式可省略to。 He wished to study medicine and become a doctor． (二)动名词： 动名词既具有动词的一些特征，又具有名词的句法功能。1．动名词的形式：V-ing 否定式not + 动