824Hematuria血尿(阅读).pptVIP

Hematuria 1.Definition Hematuria血尿 is defined as the excretion排出 of abnormal quantities of erythrocytes红血球 in the urine尿. 2.Normal values标准值 of  erythrocytes excretion Centrifuged离心的 urine sediment沉淀物 ＜ 3 erythrocytes per high power field高倍视野 (hpf) Quantitative定量的 test(Addis counts) ＜500,000 erythrocytes per day  direct counting of erythrocytes in freshly voided urine ＜8000 erythrocytes per millilite following vigorous exercise 10,000 and 60,000/ml 3. Etiology diseases of urinary system diseases of adjacent邻近的 organ Systemic系统的 diseases ⑴Diseases of urinary system ①Primary glomerular肾小球的 disease IgA nephropathy肾病 focal segmental部分的 glomerulosclerosis肾小球硬化 membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis Crescentic新月形的 glomerulonephritis肾小球肾炎 ②Secondary glomerular disease systemic lupus erythematosus系统性红斑狼疮 microscopic polyangiitis Allergic过敏的 purpura紫癜 ③Infection cystitis膀胱炎 prostatitis前列腺炎 urethritis 尿道炎 pyelonephritis肾盂肾炎 tuberculosis肺结核 of urinary tract尿道 ④Stones renal calculus 肾结石 ureterolith Urethral尿道的 calculus Cystic膀胱的 calculus ⑤Tumor瘤 renal carcinoma肾癌 carcinoma of ureter输尿管癌, bladder膀胱, prostate前列腺 ⑥Intoxication physical agent: radiation nephritis radiocystitis chemical factor: venene, phytotoxin, heavy metal drug : analgesics, cyclophosphamide or nitrogen mustard , sulfa drug ⑦Hereditary polycystic kidney disease medullary sponge kidney ⑧vascular renal arterial emboli or thrombosis arteriovenous malformation ⑨Others acute hypersensitive interstitial nephritis tubulointerstitial nephritis trauma of urinary system papillary necrosis ⑵Diseases of adjacent organ acute appendicitis pelvic inflammation salpingitis tumor in adjacent organ ⑶Systemic Diseases ①Hematologic diseases thrombocytopenic purpura aplastic anemia leukemia hemophilia anticoagulant states sickle cell disease ② Infectious diseases infective endocardi