避开设题陷阱，破解语法考查新形式.docVIP

避开设题陷阱，破解语法考查新形式 　　近几年的高考语法填空题、短文改错题对语法的考查，不再考查“纯语法”或“纯词汇”，而是在特定语境中考查考生综合运用语言的能力。笔者结合近几年高考对语法考查的形式，阐述几种常见的解题技巧，助力考生高考。 　　方式一：变“顺向设题”为“逆向设题” 　　命制试题时，高考中会对一些动词短语进行“逆向设题”。即对于结构为“动词+宾语+介词+介词宾语”之类的动词短语，诸如make use of something，have trouble / difficulty （in）doing something等，常规考法是把此类短语中介词之前的部分（包括介词）看作固定不变的整体，进行变化的只是介词后面的部分。如： 　　（1）He made use of waste plastic in this article of handiwork. 　　（2）You can make use of your dictionary when doing this spelling exercise. 　　（3）Did you have any difficulty in getting to the top of the hill yesterday？ 　　（4）He was sure to have great difficulty giving up smoking. 　　但是，下面的题目考生可能会感到无从下手。比如： 　　（1）The___that our body makes___food lies mainly in our digestion. 　　A. advantage of B. use in 　　C. use of D. advantage over 　　（2） Thank you for all the trouble you ___ my baby yesterday. 　　A. had to look after B. had looking after 　　C. had looked after D. have had looked after 　　答案：（1）C （2） B。在上面两道题目中，我们发现对此类动词短语的考查角度有一个显著特点，即不把介词前面的部分看作固定不变的整体，考查的方式是把该动词短语中的动词宾语前置为先行词，其余部分作为一个定语从句。这样，就把此类短语的考查放在一个比较复杂的句子结构里。本文把此类短语的这种“反常规”用法称作“逆向”用法。请继续看下面的例子： 　　（1）We appreciate ___ you ___ in organizing this contest. 　　A. a part took B. a part played 　　C. the part took D. the part played 　　（2） Don’t you realize the damage these chemicals ___ our environment？ 　　A. are doing to B. is resulting in 　　C. are making for D. is leading to 　　（3） He is doing research into the adverse effect that modern farming methods may ___ the environment. 　　A. make B. have on C. bring on D. damage 　　（4）Finally， they agreed on the date he ___ the next meeting. 　　A. set about B. set out C. set off D. set for 　　以上4题分别考查了几个此类用法的动词短语：play a part in doing something，do damage to something.，have an effect on something，set a date for something。答案：D A B D 。 　　具有这种“逆向”用法的动词短语还有很多，如do harm to，pay attention to，set a record for something，take pains to do something/ over/with something，take trouble over/with something，take trouble doing something，take a picture/photo of somebod