乔伊斯论艺术家.doc

乔伊斯论“艺术家” 【作者】杨建 【内容提要】学术界已发现詹姆斯·乔伊斯有“恋母情结”和“莎士比亚情结”。本文认为，他还有驱之不散的“艺术家情结”。终其一生，他都纠结在对艺术家身份选择、艺术家本质属性、艺术家天赋修养、艺术家人格命运、艺术家职责义务等问题的痛苦思考之中。“艺术家”是其作品永恒的主题和不朽的主人公之一。此外，乔伊斯还写了大量的评论文章和书信表达了他的“艺术家”观点：艺术家是“创造者”，自由、创造是艺术家的本质属性；艺术家具有敏感、想象力、灵悟、内省的性格、与最高的知识和永久的原则相连等天赋修养；诚实、独立、叛逆是艺术家的人格表现，流亡是现代艺术家的共同命运；艺术家应尽的职责义务是表现自我、锻造良心、追求形式完美。在成长为艺术家之前，乔伊斯心目中的艺术家楷模有代达勒斯、但丁、莎士比亚、易卜生、陀思妥耶夫斯基、尼采、拜伦等，在早期文论中，他还盛赞了王尔德、梅瑞狄斯、萧伯纳、布莱克等具有想象力、独创性、叛逆性的作家和诗人。乔伊斯的“艺术家”论在现代艺术家论中处于先导地位，他为20世纪的艺术家们找到了作家的学者化等新的时代标准并确立了自由不羁的主体创造精神。 【关键词】 詹姆斯·乔伊斯/“艺术家”论/“艺术家情结” ??????Critics have already found that Joyce has Oedipus complex and Shakespearean complex. The present article argues that he also has firm artist complex. In his whole life, he has been preoccupied with bitter reflections on the artist s identity choice, essential quality, gift and talent, personality and fate, responsibilities and obligations, and so on. The artist is the everlasting theme and eternal hero of Joyce s works. Furthermore, Joyce also wrote numerous letters and critical essays to express his ideas concerning the artist: the essential quality of his free creation; his gift of sensitivity, imagination, introvert temperament, and epiphany; his cultivation in relation to the highest knowledge and to those laws which do not take holiday because men and times forget them; his integrity, independent personality and rebellious spirit; his neutral position and inevitable exile; his responsibilities of expression of the self, the making of conscience and pursuit of perfect form. Before becoming an artist himself, young Joyce has cherished Daedalus,Dante, Shakespeare, Ibsen, Dostoevskian, Neitche, Byron, etc, as his models. In his early essays, he sings highly of Wilde, Meredith, Bernard Shaw, and Blake for their imagination, originality and rebellion. Joyce s view about the artist is in the lead of the mordern views about the artist. He has set the new scholarly criteria for artists of the 20th century and established the subject s free creativ