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e 1. Biography 2. Major Works 3. Writing Style 4. Theme of Jack London’s Works 5. Comments on London’s life philosophy He is the one of the representative writers. Naturalism(1865-1914): in literature, the term refers to the theory that literary composition should aim at a detached, scientific objectivity in the treatment of natural man. The movement is an outgrowth of 19th –century scientific thought, following in general the biological determinism of Darwin’s theory, or the economic determinism. Biography He was born John Griffith Chaney in San Francisco on January 12, 1876, the illegitimate son of a self-taught man and an eccentric woman. He took the last name of his stepfather and was called John Griffith London. He grew up in extreme poverty as a street urchin along the water-front where he began at an early age to indulge his boundless appetite for adventure. Before he was ten years old, he had to work before and after school and even on weekends in order to support the family. At the age of 13, he took a job in a cannery, and at the age of 15 he was the captain of an oyster pirate boat. He supported himself with menial and dangerous jobs, experiencing the struggle for survival. He lived on the fringes of society until he was seventeen. In 1893 he became a sailor. For the next four years he worked his way around the world. He learned the jungle law of nature, the survival of the strong and the death of the weak. He wandered his way across the United State, even begging his food from door to door. Determined to get an education, he went to high school at the age of nineteen, entered preparatory school, and then spend a semester as a special student at the University of California in 1896. He had to drop out after a few months to make money for the family. But he read extensively by himself. London believed both in the success of the working class and in the survival of the strongest. He also learned practical knowledge in between journeys as a tramp and
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