高优指导2016高三英语二轮复习课件：3.16 主旨大意题 .pptxVIP

专题十六　主旨大意题--------------------------------《考试说明》指出:任何一篇文章都会有一个主旨要义。有时从文章的第一个段落,甚至第一个句子即可得出文章的主旨要义,通过这一段或这个句子读者会知道文章描述的是谁或什么(即文章的主题),亦会了解作者希望读者了解主题方面的哪些内容。有时,文章的主旨要义则需从文章的字里行间进行推断。这类试题主要考査考生略读文章、领会大意的能力,它对考生的归纳、概括能力有一定的要求。主旨大意题主要测试考生对一篇文章或一段文字的深层理解程度及在速读中准确把握文章主旨大意的能力。一般针对某一语段或某一语篇的主题、标题或目的设题。1.主旨大意题常见的命题方式有以下几种(1)The best title/headline for this passage is 　.?(2)The passage(or the first paragraph)is mainly about 　.?(3)What is the main idea/topic/purpose/subject of the passage?(4)Which of the following titles best summarizes the main idea of the passage?(5)The passage chiefly discusses/deals with 　.?(6)Which of the following best states the theme of the passage?(7)The passage mainly tells us that 　.?(8)The main idea of the first/second/third...paragraph probably is 　.?(9)What’s the first/second/third...paragraph concerned with?(10)What does the writer try to express in Paragraph...?2.主旨大意题解题策略(1)归纳文章大意任何一篇文章都有自己的中心思想。不少文章在全文或各段的开头便展示出文章的中心思想。首先,必须抓住每个段落的中心要点,将每个段落的中心归纳综合,即可得到整篇文章的中心思想。每个段落的中心要点往往是通过主题句(Topic Sentence)来体现的。考生通过采取略读法,以搜寻各段主题句为目标,快速扫视全文,避免逐词理解,把注意力集中在找主要信息上,而不是过分注意细节事实。一般来说,文章的主题或中心都在第一段或最后一段表明。某一段的主题句也常出现在段首或段尾,在寻找主题句或中心段时,要注意语篇特点。有些文章无明显的主题句,但字里行间无不体现主题。这就要求考生在阅读过程中根据文中所叙述的事实或者提供的线索来概括总结主旨大意。【典例分析】 (2014·四川,D篇)With around 100 students scheduled to be in that 9 am Monday morning lecture,it is no surprise that almost 20 people actually make it to the class and only 10 of them are still awake after the first 15 minutes;it is not even a surprise that most of them are still in their pyjamas(睡衣).Obviously,students are terrible at adjusting their sleep cycles to their daily schedule.All human beings possess a body clock.Along with other alerting(警报) systems,this governs the sleep/wake cycle and is therefore one of the main processes which govern sleep behaviour.Typically,the preferred sleep/wake cycle is delayed in adolescents,which leads to many students not feeling sleepy until much later in the evenings.This typical sleep pattern is usually referred to as