高优指导2016高三英语二轮复习课件：3.17 词义猜测题 .pptxVIP

专题十七　词义猜测题----------------------------------------------------------《考试说明》指出:正确理解文章中单词或短语的含义是理解文章的第一步,也是理解文章的基础。但英语单词的含义并非完全等同于词典中所标注的汉语意思,其含义随不同的语境会有所不同。能根据上下文正确理解灵活变化的词义,才算是真正初步具备了一定的阅读理解能力。此外,阅读文章时,常常会遇到一些过去未见过的词,但许多这类生词的词义可以通过上下文推断出来。这种不使用词典而通过阅读上下文来推断生词含义的能力,是一个合格的读者所必须具备的能力,因此也是阅读理解中经常检测的一种能力。词义猜测题主要是测试考生根据上下文判断生词或新短语意义的能力。阅读中我们经常会遇到许多生词。事实上,阅读材料中的每个词与它前后的词语或句子甚至段落都有联系。考生可以利用语境(各种已知信息)推测、判断某些生词的词义。1.词义猜测题常见的命题方式有以下几种(1)The word “...” in the passage means 　.?(2)The word “...” could be best replaced by 　.?(3)Which of the following is nearest/closest in meaning to 　??(4)The word “...” probably refers to 　.?(5)According to the passage,the word “...” is known as 　.?2.词义猜测题解题策略(1)根据定义、解释和复述猜测词义这种情况下,生词往往出现在前面,定义或解释跟在生词的后面,也可由or或破折号引出,因此只要找准并正确理解生词的释义,生词的含义也就清楚了。释义部分可以是单词、短语,也可以是列举的句子。在做这类题时,要注意生词与复述部分往往构成同位语,在句中多用逗号(,)、破折号(——)、冒号(:)、分号(;)等来连接。【典例分析】 (2014·课标全国Ⅰ,B篇)Passenger pigeons(旅鸽) once flew over much of the United States in unbelievable numbers.Written accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries described flocks(群) so large that they darkened the sky for hours.It was calculated that when its population reached its highest point,there were more than 3 billion passenger pigeons—a number equal to 24 to 40 percent of the total bird population in the United States,making it perhaps the most abundant bird in the world.Even as late as 1870 when their numbers had already become smaller,a flock believed to be 1 mile wide and 320 miles(about 515 kilometers) long was seen near Cincinnati.Sadly,the abundance of passenger pigeons may have been their undoing.Where the birds were most abundant,people believed there was an ever-lasting supply and killed them by the thousands.Commercial hunters attracted them to small clearings with grain,waited until pigeons had settled to feed,then threw large nets over them,taking hundreds at a time.The birds were shipped to large cities and sold in restaurants.By the closing decades of the 19th century,the hardwood forests where passenger pig