统计学第六版贾俊平第7章(无水印).ppt

90 As a result of this class, you will be able to ... 38 In this diagram, do the populations have equal or unequal variances? Unequal. 90 14 38 In this diagram, do the populations have equal or unequal variances? Unequal. 90 90 90 90 90 38 In this diagram, do the populations have equal or unequal variances? Unequal. 90 估计两个总体均值之差时样本容量的确定 (例题分析) 【例】一所中学的教务处想要估计试验班和普通班考试成绩平均分数差值的置信区间。要求置信水平为95%，预先估计两个班考试分数的方差分别为：试验班?12=90 ，普通班 ?22=120 。如果要求估计的误差范围(边际误差)不超过5分，在两个班应分别抽取多少名学生进行调查？ 估计两个总体均值之差时样本容量的确定 (例题分析) 解: 已知?12=90，?22=120，E=5, 1-?=95%，z?/2=1.96 即应抽取17人作为样本 估计两个总体比例之差时样本容量的确定 设n1和n2为来自两个总体的样本，并假定n1=n2 根据比例之差的区间估计公式可得两个样本的容量n为 估计两个总体比例之差时样本容量的确定 其中： 估计两个总体比例之差时样本容量的确定 (例题分析) 【例】一家瓶装饮料制造商想要估计顾客对一种新型饮料认知的广告效果。他在广告前和广告后分别从市场营销区各抽选一个消费者随机样本，并询问这些消费者是否听说过这种新型饮料。这位制造商想以10%的误差范围和95%的置信水平估计广告前后知道该新型饮料消费者的比例之差，他抽取的两个样本分别应包括多少人？(假定两个样本容量相等) 绿色 健康饮品 估计两个总体比例之差时样本容量的确定 (例题分析) 解: E=10%, 1-?=95%，z?/2=1.96，由于没有?的信息，用0.5代替 即应抽取193个消费者作为样本 本章小结 参数估计的一般问题 一个总体参数的区间估计 两个总体参数的区间估计 样本容量的确定 14 33 35 Notice that the interval width is determined by 1-? in the sampling distribution. Have students explain why each of these occurs. Level of confidence can be seen in the sampling distribution. An estimator is a random variable used to estimate a population parameter (characteristic). Unbiasedness An estimator is unbiased if the mean of its sampling distribution is equal to the population parameter. Efficiency The efficiency of an unbiased estimator is measured by the variance of its sampling distribution. If two estimators, with the same sample size, are both unbiased, then the one with the smaller variance has greater relative efficiency. Consistency An estimator is a consistent estimator of a population parameter if the larger the sample size, the more likely it is that the estimate will come close to the parameter. An estimator is a random variable used to estimate a population parameter (characteristic). Unbiasedness An estimator is unbiased if the mean of its sampling distri