人物传记类阅读理解的阅读策略.docVIP

人物传记类阅读理解的阅读策略 　　人物传记是记叙文体的一种，主要描写某人的生平事迹、趣闻轶事、生活背景、个性特征、成长和奋斗历程等，包含记叙文的时间、地点、人物、事件等要素。其特点是以时间的先后或事件的发展为主线，空间或逻辑线索贯穿文章始终，脉络清楚，可读性较强。这类文章常采用倒叙的写作方法，即首先用几句话来简单介绍这个人，接着介绍这个人的出生、成长过程，然后再记述这个人一两件主要的事情或业绩，来反映这个人的思想、品德和情操，最后作者会对这个人进行评论，从而表达作者对这个人的情感。 　　人物传记类文章一般较长，而且该类命题的题量也较多。文章中往往会出现关于该人物的大量细节信息，有些细节很直接，只要理解字面意思即可，有些则很间接，需要综合、归纳、推理才能得出。因此，该类命题既注重考查对特定细节理解的准确性，又注重考查推理判断能力。 　　另外，虽然人物传记类文章的时间、空间或逻辑线索较清晰，但是为了加大难度，命题者往往使用倒叙、插叙或补叙等手段，故意打乱故事的陈述次序，使行文的跳跃性增强，情节也更复杂。同学们解题时应注意： 　　1.首先略读全文，弄清文章叙述的线索，即分清作者是按照时间顺序还是事件发展顺序来组织文章的。 　　2.人物传记类的文章中有较多的人物时，同学们一定要弄清人物之间的关系，因为这可能就是出题点。 　　3.抓住题干关键词，采用略读的方法查找细节描述。解答细节类题目时，可以先看题干内容，找到关键词，然后快速浏览文章内容，找出正确答案。 　　（2014年高考山东卷C篇）Elizabeth Freeman was born about 1742 to African American parents who were slaves. At the age of six months she was acquired，along with her sister，by John Ashley，a wealthy Massachusetts slaveholder. She became known as“Mumbet”or “Mum Bett”. 　　For nearly 30 years Mumbet served the Ashley family. One day，Ashley’s wife tried to strike Mumbet’s sister with a spade. Mumbet protected her sister and took the blow instead. Furious，she left the house and refused to come back. When the Ashleys tried to make her return，Mumbet consulted a lawyer，Theodore Sedgewick. With his help，Mumbet sued（起诉）for her freedom. 　　While serving the Ashleys，Mumbet had listened to many discussions of the new Massachusetts constitution. If the constitution said that all people were free and equal，then she thought it should apply to her. Even￣tually，Mumbet won her freedom―the first slave in Massachusetts to do so under the new constitution. 　　Strangely enough，after the trial，the Ashleys asked Mumbet to come back and work for them as a paid employee. She declined and instead went to work for Segdewick. Mumbet died in 1829，but her legacy lived on in her many descendants（后裔）. One of her great-grandchildren was W.E.B. Du Bois，one of the founders of the NAACP，and an important writer and spokesperson for African American civil rights. 　　Mumbet’s tombston