Chap2财务报表、税和现金流量解析.ppt

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Chapter 2 Financial Statements, Taxes, and Cash Flow Chapter Outline The Balance Sheet The Income Statement Taxes Cash Flow Suggested readings: 第二章 财务报表,税和现金流量,Foundamentals of corporate finance(9e), stephen A. ross, China machine press, 2010. 2.1 Balance Sheet The balance sheet is a snapshot of the firm’s assets and liabilities at a given point in time Assets are listed in order of decreasing liquidity Ease of conversion to cash(变现的难易程度) Without significant loss of value(变现的前提是没有大规模的价值损失) Balance Sheet Identity Assets ≡ Liabilities + Stockholders’ Equity 美国联合公司资产负债表 U.S. COMPOSITE CORPORATION Balance Sheet 2010 and 2009 ($ in million) 资产负债表 资产负债表是公司在特定时点所拥有资产和所承担负债情况的一张快照(强调静态) 资产按流动性进行排列 是否容易转化为现金 转化时是否发生重大价值损失 资产负债表衡等式 资产 ≡ 负债 + 股东权益 Net Working Capital and Liquidity Net Working Capital = Current Assets – Current Liabilities Positive when the cash that will be received over the next 12 months exceeds the cash that will be paid out Usually positive in a healthy firm Liquidity Ability to convert to cash quickly without a significant loss in value Liquid firms are less likely to experience financial distress But liquid assets typically earn a lower return Trade-off to find balance between liquid and illiquid assets 净营运资本与流动性 净营运资本(Net Working Capital) 定义:= 流动资产– 流动负债 如果在未来12个月能将要收到的现金大于在这一期间内的现金支付需求,则净营运资本将为正 对财务健康的公司来说,常常是为正的 流动性 在不发生显著的价值减损情形下快速转换为现金的能力 流动性好的公司不容易陷入财务危机 但流动性好的资产往往获利能力较低 因此,需要在流动资产和非流动资产中进行权衡 2.2 Income Statement The income statement is more like a video of the firm’s operations for a specified period of time. Revenue- Expenses ≡ Income Matching principle GAAP says to show revenue when it accrues and match the expenses required to generate the revenue 利润表 利润表更象公司在一段时期内经营情况的录像带 通常是先报告收入,然后从中减去当期的费用 配比原则 – 公认会计原则(GAAP)要求按权责发生制确认收入然后将为获取该收入而发生的费用进行配比 利润表 衡量企业在某一特定时期内的财务业绩 利润的会计定义为: 收入 – 费用 ≡ 利润 根据公认会计原则 (GAAP), 在美国,经审计的企业财务报表对资产应按成本进行计价 美国联合公司利润表 U.S.COMPOSITE CONORPORAT INCOME STATEMENT 2010 ($ in millions) 美国联合公司利润表 美国联合公司利润表 美国联合公司利润表

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