amalgamationof geostationaryand 极轨卫星（ amalgamationof geostationaryand polar orbiting satellite）.doc

NPP Instruments and Direct Broadcast Plans W. Paul Menzel Office of Research and Applications , NOAA / NESDIS, Madison,WI, USA Abstract The National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System (NPOESS) is a joint NOAA/DOC, DoD and NASA program merging the current POES DMSP systems into a common system of polar satellites with the goal of providing meteorological, oceanographic, terrestrial, climate, space environment and other environmental data products operationally. NPOESS will produce accurate and precise long-time series of radiometric measurement data from multiple instruments on multiple platforms starting late this decade. To prepare for the new instruments and data, the USA is planning an NPOESS Preparatory Project (NPP) that will demonstrate three of the NPOESS instruments as well as the associated ground data system, command and control system, and algorithms for Environmental Data Records in 2005. It is a bridge between NASA EOS era science measurements and the start of NPOESS operational capabilities. NPP provides a linkage between EOS instrumentation and the NPOESS series of instruments. The NPP will carry the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS), the Cross track Infrared Sounder (CrIS), and the Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder (ATMS). NPP will feature an X-band direct broadcast of all data to facilitate international utilization. 1. VIIRS The Moderate resolution Imaging Spectro-radiometer (MODIS) on the AM platform of the NASA Earth Observing System, Terra, has been demonstrating new capabilities for detecting land, ocean, and atmospheric features. With 36 multispectral observations at resolutions ranging from 250 m to 1000m, MODIS is generating environmental research data and products of exceptional quality. Several examples developed by the MODIS Science Team are presented. The NPOESS will continue these observations with the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS), a 22 channel radiometer