experiment title- universityof hawaii system（实验题目夏威夷大学系统）.docVIP

Date Course Name Instructor Name Student(s) Name Measurement of Resistance: Ammeter – Voltmeter Methods and Wheatstone Bridge Method The magnitude of resistance can be measured by different methods. One method is to measure the voltage drop V across a resistance n a circuit with a voltmeter and the current I through the resistance with an ammeter. Then using Ohm’s Law, R = V/I. However the ratio of the measured voltage and current does not give an exact value of the resistance because of the resistance of the meters. This problem is eliminated when one compares the resistance with a standard resistance in a Wheatstone Bridge circuit. In this experiment, the two methods for measuring the resistance will be investigated. Ammeter – Voltmeter Methods: Two circuits will be used to measure the resistance using this method. In this circuit, the current measured by the ammeter divides between the resistance R and the voltmeter in parallel. The voltmeter is a high resistance instrument and draws little current as long as the voltmeter resistance Rv is much greater than R. Thus, if R For a more accurate measurement, the resistance of the voltmeter must be taken into account. The current drawn by the voltmeter is Iv = V/Rv and the total current measured by the ammeter is I = IR + Iv The true current through the resistance is IR = I – Iv and from Ohm’s Law Another circuit is shown below. In this case, the ammeter measures the current through the resistance alone, but the voltmeter measures the voltage drop across both the resistance and the ammeter. Since the ammeter is a low resistance instrument, then the voltage drop across the ammeter (Va = I Ra) is small compared to that across R. Then if Ra R where Ra is the resistance of the ammeter. If the resistance of the ammeter is taken into account, then V = VR + Va = IR + IRa = I(R + Ra) = I R’ where R’ = R + Ra. Since R’ = V/I, then