人红细胞冰冻干燥保存研究的进展.docVIP

人红细胞冰冻干燥保存研究的进展 【摘要】nbsp; 目前红细胞临床保存方法主要有低温（4℃）和深低温（-80℃或-196℃）保存。4℃保存时间短，而且容易受到细菌污染；深低温保存大大延长了红细胞保存时间，但需要笨重的低温设备，而且由于保护液中含有甘油等渗透性保护剂，解冻后需要反复洗涤。这些缺陷限制了常规红细胞保存方法在一些特殊情况，例如在战争和自然灾害条件下的应用。相对于常规保存方法而言，冰冻干燥具有以下优势：重量大大减轻，便于运输，适合室温保存，易于再水化。本文就冰冻干燥保存红细胞研究的进展和所面临的挑战，尤其是最近海藻糖在冰冻干燥保存过程中的应用以及其作用机制进行了综合讨论，从而为发展一种安全、简单和有效的红细胞冰冻干燥保存方法提出理论指导。 【关键词】nbsp; 红细胞 　　Progress in the Study of Lyophilization of Human Red Blood Cells —— Review 　　Abstractnbsp; Now the clinical preservation methods of human red blood cells mainly include hypothermic storage (4℃) and cryopreservation (-80℃ or -196℃). The preservation time of hypothermic storage of red blood cells is relatively short andnbsp; itnbsp; isnbsp; easy to be contaminated by microbes. Cryopreservation greatly prolongs the storage time，but it needs heavy storage equipments. Because the protective solutions in cryopreservationnbsp; contain glycerol，red blood cells need complicated washing in order to remove glycerol. These shortagenbsp; methodsnbsp;nbsp; limit their application to some special conditions，such as war or natural disasters. Compared with conventional preservation methods of red blood cells，lyophilization has many advantages such as less weight，convenient transportation，room temperature preservation，prone to be rehydrated. In this review，the progress and challenge in the development of lyophilization of red blood cells，especially application of trehalose and its mechanism in the lyophilization of red blood cells were systematically discussed. This review can provide some theoretic guidance for developing a safe，simple and efficient preservation approach of red blood cells by lyophilization. 　　Key wordsnbsp; red blood cell；lyophilization；trehalose；biomembrane nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; 红细胞是血液中含量最多的细胞，它通过其中的血红蛋白从肺部携带氧气运送到周边器官，在维持人体正常机能起着重要的作用。红细胞是一种高度分化的细胞，它没有细胞核、线粒体等复杂的细胞器，只有一层质膜包裹着血红蛋白。红细胞对于维持生命具有重要意义，人们由于创伤或其他原因造成大量失血而引起红细胞的丢失时，全身器官会氧气供应不足，从而危及生命。及时输注红细胞是治疗这类病例的有效手段。但是，目前在临床上使用的红细胞保存的主要方法有4℃低温和-80℃深低温