ppt课件-parsimoniousinterfaces.pptVIP

Output Concepts Start with some basics: display devices Just how do we get images onto a screen? Most prevalent device: CRT Cathode Ray Tube AKA TV tube Cathode Ray Tubes Cutting edge 1930’s technology (basic device actually 100 yrs old) Vacuum tube (big, power hog, …) Refined some, but no fundamental changes But still dominant Because TVs are consumer item LCD’s just starting to challenge How a CRT works (B/W) Move electron beam in fixed scanning pattern “Raster” lines across screen Modulate intensity along line (in spots) to get pixels Pixels determined by 2D array of intensity values in memory “Frame buffer” Each memory cell controls 1 pixel All drawing by placing values in memory Adding color Use 3 electron guns For each pixel place 3 spots of phosphor (glowing R, G, B) Arrange for red gun to hit red spot, etc. Requires a lot more precision than simple B/W Use “shadow mask” behind phosphor spots to help Color frame buffer Frame buffer now has 3 values for each pixel each value drives one electron gun can only see ~ 2^8 gradations of intensity for each of R,G,B 1 byte ea = 24 bits/pixel = full color Other display technologies: LCD Liquid Crystal Display Uses material with unusual physical properties: liquid crystal rest state: rotates polarized light 90° voltage applied: passes as is Layered display Layers In rest state: light gets through Horizontally polarized, LC flips 90°, becomes vertically polarized Passes through Layered display Layers In powered state: light stopped Horizontally polarized, LC does nothing, stopped by vertical filter Lots of other interesting/cool technologies Direct retinal displays University of Washington HIT lab Set of 3 color lasers scan image directly onto retinal surface Scary but it works Very high contrast, all in focus Potential for very very high resolution Has to be head mounted All these systems use a frame buffer Again, each pixel has 3 values Red, Green Blue Why R, G, B? R, G, and B are particular freq of lig