翻译学课后习题重点总结[精选].doc

翻译的标准 （李玉杰） Criteria of Translation Alexander Tytler: 1. A translation should give a complete transcript of the ideas of the original work; 译文应2. The style and manner of writing should be of the same character as that of the original; 译文的风格和笔调应与原文的性质相同 3. A translation should have all the ease of the original composition. 译文应Nida Functional equivalence 功能对等 In the light of linguistic orientation, translation consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source language message, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style. ( Nida ) （翻译是用最恰当、自然和对等的语言从语义到文体再现源语的信息Yan Fu Faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance信、达、雅 Qian Zhongshu Sublimation 化境 Fu Lei Similarity in spirit 神似 Lu Xun Faithfulness and smoothness忠实、通顺 Liu Zhongde Faithfulness, expressiveness and closeness 信达切 Gu Zhengkun Polyadic complementary standard 多元互补标准 Chen Hongwei Correspondence in meaning and similarity in function 意义相符 功能相似 Equivalence 等值 Equivalent effect等效 Chapter1 （戴越越） 1. 翻译的本质 In the light of linguistic orientation, translation consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source language message, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style. ( Nida ) By signs involved in it, intralingual translation, interlingual translation and intersemiotic translation. (Roman Jakobson) Translation is in essence during different information exchange and communication. (textbook) 翻译学研究的思维特点 1) Combination of systematic analysis and systematic comprehension 2) Combination of vertical orientation and landscape orientation 3) Combination of accuracy and ambiguity 4) Combination of radiation and convergence 5) Combination of recall and advance 翻译学的学科特点 Translatology is also called Science of Translation or Study of Translation. Translatology is a science to study translation. It is a comprehensive science consisting of general translatology, special translatology and app