ppt课件-c h12- sensory biologyof elasmobranchs（c h12感官biologyof板鳃类）.pptVIP

CH 12- Sensory Biology of Elasmobranchs Exquisite array of sensory systems that aid in: detecting prey and conspecifics avoiding predators and obstacles orienting in the sea Sensory performance can be scaled in 2 general ways: Sensitivity Acuity Range of sensory organs Sound--distances of a couple of milesSmell--distances of several football fields Lateral line--distances of several football fieldsVision--distances of dozens of feetAmp. of Lorenzini--distances of several feetTouch taste--contact Photoreception Eyes→→Vision Pineal Organ→→ Ambient Light Levels Endolymphatic Duct→→ Ambient Light Levels? Electroreception Ampullae of Lorenzini→→ Ambient electrical fields,Temperature Chemoreception Nasal lamellae→→ Olfaction (Smell) Taste buds→→ Gustation (Taste) Pit organs (free neuromasts)→→ Gustation?? Mechanoreception Inner ear→→ Audition (Hearing),Attitude (Yaw, Pitch, Role),Acceleration Lateral line →→Ambient vibrations Spiracular organ→→ Ambient vibrations Touch receptors→→ Pressure, Pain, Heat Proprioceptors→→ Muscle tension,Stomach distension,Fin position, etc. Hair cells→→ Ambient vibrations? How many senses do sharks have? Humans- 5 senses, 3 if grouped by fundamental mechanism Photoreception (vision) Chemoreception (smell and taste) Mechanoreception (touch and hearing) Sharks- 6-13?, 4 if grouped by fundamental mechanism. Our 5 plus electroreception Photoreception Typical vertebrate eye features: cornea, iris, lens, retina Photoreception Laterally placed eyes allow ~360° visual field Blind areas in front of snout or behind head when still, size of blind area varies Upper and lower eyelids don’t cover entire eyeball in most elasmo’s; relatively immobile Benthic shark species (orectolobidae) have more mobile eyelids Photoreception Nictitating membrane (3rd eyelid)- covers eye for protection (common in carcharhinids and sphyrinds) Photoreception Some sharks without nictitating membrane (white shark and whale shark) use extraocu