ppt课件-eratosthenes-duboisareaschooldistrict.pptVIP

EARTH’S, FORMATION SHAPE, DIMENSIONS AND HEAT CHAPTER 4.1 Earth’s OriginNebular Hypothesis Earth’s Size and Shape HISTORICAL EVIDENCE OF SHAPE SHIPS MAST CHANGING POSITIONS OF CONSTELLATIONS EARTHS ARC DURING ECLIPSE GRAVITATION – OBJECTS WEIGH NEARLY THE SAME MAGELLAN’S CIRCUMNAVIGATION OBLATE SPHEROID – TRUE SHAPE OF EARTH. SLIGHTLY FLATTENED AT THE POLES (40,007 KM) BULGING AT THE EQUATOR (40,074 KM). OBJECTS AT THE POLES WEIGH MORE THAN AT THE EQUATOR! Eratosthenes ERATOSTHENES – FIRST SCIENTIFIC MEASUREMENT OF THE CIRCUMFERENCE OF THE EARTH. TWO REQUIREMENTS: ANGULAR DIFFERENCE FROM SYENE TO ALEXANDRIA SURFACE DISTANCE BETWEEN TWO CITIES(DIRECTLY NORTH) Analema a trace of the annual movement of the Sun on the sky Due to the earths tilt on its axis (23.45°) and its elliptical orbit around the sun, the relative location of the sun above the horizon is not constant from day to day when observed at the same time on each day. Depending on ones geographical latitude, this loop will be inclined at different angles Earth’s Interior Earth’s Heat Earth’s Magnetic Field * * Observe an animation showing the origin of the solar system. (276 - 195 B.C.) HORIZON ALTITUDE OF SUN Earth is misnamed! Should be called ocean (71%) and land (29%) Inner core – solid iron and nickle Outer core – liquid iron and nickle Mantle – thickest layer, iron, silicon and magnesium compounds – behaves as a liquid Asthenosphere – slush-like layer of mantle crust floats on Crust – Thin layer of rigid lighter rock that includes earth’s surface Lithosphere – Crust and uppermost part of mantle Layers of Earth SPECIFIC GRAVITY Weight of an object compared to the weight of an equal volume of water. Useful in mineral identification! Earth’s avg. density is 5.5 Crust = 2.8 FORMULA S.G = Wa Wa – WH20 Wa = WEIGHT IN AIR WH20 = WEIGHT IN WATER TEMPERATURE 70 METERS DEPTH CONSTANT AND EQUAL TO AVG. YEARLY TEMP OF THAT LOCATION TEMP IN CRUST RISES 10/40 METERS