ppt课件-evolutionof g p s- princeton university（evolutionof g p s -普林斯顿大学）.pptVIP

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ppt课件-evolutionof g p s- princeton university（evolutionof g p s -普林斯顿大学）.ppt

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Evolution of Military GPS Deployment of Sputnik and its Doppler Shift Doppler Data and the Birth of the Transit System and Timation System Early GPS Today GPS Sputnik: Learning From OurRivals In 1957, the Soviets successfully launched Sputnik into space. It was the size of a basketball and weighed about 180 pounds. The Soviets’ success embarrassed the United States who thought they were the world’s most advanced industrial nation. As a result of their humiliation, the country took an active role into researching military precision. The Department of Defenses primary purposes in developing a Global Position System was to use it in precision weapon delivery Sputnik: Learning From OurRivals Studying the Doppler Shift of the Sputnik, the Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Lab recognized a variance of the Sputnik signal in comparison of its position. As the fast-moving Sputnik approached, the scientists noted that signal frequency was higher than the transmitted frequency. They also observed that the frequency lowered until the satellite reached its closet point of approach (CPA), when the observed frequency equaled the transmitted frequency. The frequency decreased as Sputnik moved farther away, although the rate of decrease slowed with increasing distance from the observers. This Doppler shift phenomenon that the scientists observed was the same one you experience when an express train rushes by you at a local station and you hear its roaring sound drop sharply in pitch. At the end of their experiments, the scientists reasoned that they could accurately locate their position on earth by carefully measuring the satellites Doppler shift and knowing the satellites position in orbit at the exact instant of each measurement. Doppler Data and the Birth of the Transit System and Timation System Under the direction of Dr. Richard Kirschner, the John Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory created the Transit. Transit was conceived in the late 1950s and deployed in the mid-1960s