ppt课件-geography12 mapsand mapping(geography12 mapsand映射).pptVIP

ppt课件-geography12 mapsand mapping(geography12 mapsand映射).ppt

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Geography 12: Maps and Mapping Lecture 3: The Scale Transformation Today’s Theme: transformations From earth to map Start: Earth or part of the earth Next: Scale transformation Next: Projection transformation Next: Symbolization and representation Last: Reading and interpretation End: Mental “image” of earth or part of earth The scale transformation Small scale and large scale In many fields, biology and ecology for example, “scale” is used as a more general term than in cartography Large scale = global, extensive Small scale = detailed, localized Usage is opposite in cartography My solution is never to say “scale” Use “map scale” or “cartographic scale” Use detailed or extensive scale Scale gives us a sense of how big Map Scale Map scale is based on the representative fraction, the ratio of a distance on the map to the same distance on the ground Most maps fall between 1:1 million and 1:1000 Digital and web maps are scale-less because maps can be enlarged and reduced and plotted at many scales other than that of the original data But in fact, all maps when displayed have a scale Non-scientific Quiz #3 If a globe is one meter around (circumference), what is its approximate scale? a. One inch to five feet b. 1:250 000 C. 1:24 000 d. 1: 1 million e. 1:40 million Non-scientific Quiz #3 If a globe is one meter around (circumference), what is its scale? One meter on the map corresponds to 40 million meters on the ground RF = map distance / ground distance RF = 1meter /40 000 000 meter Globe scale is 1 to 40 million Or 1:40 million or 1/40 million Three ways of communicating scale The RF As a ratio e.g. 1:200,000 As a fraction e.g. 1/200,000 Often abbreviated e.g. 1:24K Beware of periods and commas Equivalent lengths E.g. Inch to a mile E.g. One inch to 2000 feet As a graphic Graphic scale Advantages of a graphic scale Can be used for direct measurements on the map Is true at whatever enlargement or reduction you use on the map Can show different units, e.g. miles and k

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