ppt课件-introductionto earth system-uni（地球introductionto system-uni）.pptVIP

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ppt课件-introductionto earth system-uni（地球introductionto system-uni）.ppt

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* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Global Geophysics Lecture part Rocco Malservisi roccom@lmu.de Phone: 2180 4201 NASA photo from Apollo 17 Is it really a sphere? Is it an ellipsoid? Is it flat? The shape of our system depend on the problem we want to study and the required precision!! How big is the planet? By definition 40000 km!! 1m=1/4e6 length of a meridian. Or 60x360 nautical miles (21600 nm). How big is the planet? By definition 40000 km!! The first one to measure it correctly Erstosthenes measuring the distance from Alexandria and Syene (5000 stadia) and the angles in figure, he computed a circumference of 250000 stadia 39300km From Marshak, 2005 How big is the planet? By definition 40000 km!! Today we say that the radius of the Spherical Earth equivalent to the volume of the planet is: 6371 km We also know that an ellipsoid is a better approximation: Eq radius: 6378 km Pol Radius: 6356 km Flattening: 1/298 From Marshak, 2005 We are attracted to it and there is gravity /muses/wlsimages/gravity-newton.jpg We are attracted to it and there is gravity And if we look at the satellite it is “falling in to the Earth” attracted by a force that is proportional to the mass of the planet. From the orbit parameter we can compute the mass /muses/wlsimages/gravity-newton.jpg Well even from the ground if we know the constant G and our distance from the center of the Earth we can measure the gravity acceleration thus the mass of the Earth (ex a pendulum) M=gR2/G g=9.8ms-2 G=6.67e-11 m3kg-1s-2 R=6371km M=6e24 kg /muses/wlsimages/gravity-newton.jpg So can we say something about the interior of the planet? what is the average density? Mass = 6e24 kg Volume = ? So what is the average density? Mass 6e24 kg Volume=4/3pR3= 1.08e21 m3 So its density is ~5500 kg m-3 Density of surface rocks? So what is the average density? Mass 6e24 kg Volume=4/3pR3= 1.08e21 m3 So its density is ~5500 kg m-3 Density of surface rocks? ~1.5-3.5 g/cc Density Iron ~7g/cc /mar/dec5/eart