ppt课件-linking asteroidsand meteoritesthrough reflectance spectroscopy（连接asteroidsand meteoritesthrough反射光谱）.pptVIP

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2017-01-25 发布于四川
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ppt课件-linking asteroidsand meteoritesthrough reflectance spectroscopy（连接asteroidsand meteoritesthrough反射光谱）.ppt

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* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Energy of Nuclear Bombs Usually given in Megatons of TNT The bomb that destroyed Hiroshima yielded ~0.015 Megatons (~15 kilotons) of TNT Largest nuclear bomb ever was ~50 Megatons (~3,400 Hiroshimas) /xrefmedia/sharemed/targets/images/pho/t039/T039873A.jpg Energy of an Impact ρ = 7,500 kg/m3 for an iron meteorite 100 m diameter object E = 2 x 1017 J = 47 MT of TNT ≈ 3,100 Hiroshimas 1,000 m diameter object E = 2 x 1020 J = 4.7 x 104 MT of TNT ≈ 3,100,000 Hiroshimas 10,000 m diameter object E = 2 x 1023 J = 4.7 x 107 MT of TNT ≈ 3,100,000,000 Hiroshimas Energy of an Impact ρ = 3,500 kg/m3 for an ordinary chondrite 100 m diameter object E = 9.2 x 1016 J = 22 MT of TNT ≈ 1,500 Hiroshimas 1,000 m diameter object E = 9.2 x 1019 J = 2.2 x 104 MT of TNT ≈ 1,500,000 Hiroshimas 10,000 m diameter object E = 9.2 x 1022 J = 2.2 x 107 MT of TNT ≈ 1,500,000,000 Hiroshimas The Effects If an 100-meter iron asteroid hit Hartford at 10 km/s: 2.3 km crater forms Here: Richter Scale Magnitude: 5.7 Shaking felt indoors by many, outdoors by few during the day. At night, some awakened. Dishes, windows, doors disturbed; walls make cracking sound. Sensation like heavy truck striking building. Standing cars rocked noticeably. Shaking felt by nearly everyone; many awakened. Some dishes, windows broken. Unstable objects overturned. At your position there is a fine dusting of ejecta with occasional larger fragments Sound intensity will be as loud as heavy traffic. The Effects If an 1-kilometer iron asteroid hit Hartford at 10 km/s: 15.7 km crater forms Here: Richter Scale Magnitude: 7.7 Damage negligible in buildings of good design and construction; slight to moderate in well-built ordinary structures; considerable damage in poorly built structures; some chimneys broken