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- 2017-01-28 发布于江苏
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Translation Theory and Prctice 翻译理论与实践 第一章 绪论 1.1 翻译的定义 1.2 翻译的标准 1.3 翻译的条件 1.1 翻译的定义 1.1.1 “翻译”是个多义词 翻译过程(translating process) 翻译行为(translate / interpret, translational act) 译者(translator / interpreter) 译文或译语 (translation / interpretation product) 翻译工作(事业)(translation work/ career) 翻译研究(translation studies) 1.1.2 “翻译”的定义多种多样 (1)“翻译是按社会认知需要、在具有不同规则的符号系统之间传递信息的语言文化活动”(方梦之,2004:p9) 翻译的目的(推进社会集团利益+自勉、自习、自用、自娱) 翻译的媒介物(符号系统) 翻译的本质(传递信息的语言文化活动) (2)翻译既是科学,又是艺术。 科学:强调文本的特征和翻译中的规律 艺术:强调原作和以作的艺术性以及翻译过程中译者的再创造 (3)“Translation is like dancing with chains. You must stick to the original, but at the same time you must also be free to create something new.” 翻译犹如带着镣铐跳舞,在有限的自由中争取最大程度地贴近原文,再现原作的神韵与风貌。 “Translation is like a beautiful woman, the more beautiful the more unfaithful.” 翻译像女人,美的不忠,忠的不美,越美越不忠。 “Translation is like a tree transplanted but still able to bear fruit.” (These analogies are intended to capture one particular facet of translation.) (4) J. C. Catford (1965:20) defines translation as “the replacement of textual material in one language (SL) by equivalent textual material in another language (TL)”.卡特福德:用一种等值的语言(译语)的文本材料去替换另一种语言(原语)的文本材料。 (5) “Translating consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source-language message, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style” (Nida Taber, 1969 / 1982:12).奈达:从语义到风格在译语中用最近似的自然对等值再现原语的信息。 (Such defintions tend to be normative rather than descriptive 规约性与描述性, as they frequently state not only what translation is, but also what it is supposed to be.) (6)A translation is taken to be any target-language utterance which is presented or regarded as such within the target language, on whatever grounds. (Toury, 1985:20) 图里:翻译就是在目标系统中,表现为翻译或者被认为是翻译的任何目的语文本,不管所依据的理由是什么。翻译总是介于忠实于原文本和被目标语文化系统接收两极之间。 (Descriptive translation studies is a target text-oriented discipline.) Translation is the production of a functional target text maintaining a relationship with a given
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