surveillance- s c a h l s（监测c h l s）.docVIP

Principles for the Design and Conduct of Surveys to show Presence or Absence of Infectious Disease in Aquatic Animals Angus Cameron Angus Cameron AusVet Animal Health Services Pty Ltd 140 Falls Road Wentworth Falls, NSW 2782 angus@.au __________________________________________________________________________ SUMMARY This document provides standards and guidelines for implementing surveys for the purpose of demonstrating freedom from aquatic animal diseases. Due to the wide variety of species cultured, the pathogens and management systems, the guiding principle applied in this document is that surveillance systems should be designed to meet the needs of a specific situation. No one surveillance system with a prescribed sampling strategy and sample size can address the range of situations experienced in aquaculture. Instead, guidelines are provided as to standard of proof required to demonstrate freedom of aquatic animals from infectious diseases, and the issues that must be considered in the design of a surveillance system. Factors that must be taken into account when designing a surveillance system include: the definition of the population, including any sub-populations that should be targeted to improve the probability of detecting disease, clustering of disease, documentation of the methodology used, survey design and data analysis procedures, the test or test system being used, the design prevalence or minimum expected prevalence in the presence of disease, sampling approaches, and quality assurance systems. Three examples describe possible surveillance systems for use when aiming to declare freedom from three different hypothetical infections. They illustrate a number of the principles discussed, and are based on 1) a farm-accreditation scheme for freshwater fish culture, 2) a national survey to demonstrate freedom from disease, and 3) a survey of molluscs using spatial sampling. Introduction Surveillance and Monitoring