surveyof homodyneand heterodyne r f receivers（surveyof homodyneand外差r f接收器）.docVIP

Resonant Cavities as Beam Position Monitors Part 3. Analog signal processing. Laboratory measurements. A. Liapine This part explains the basic principles used in the electronics for the BPM’s signals processing. Two basic methods of the downconversion, heterodyne and homodyne, are discussed. Simple tests which can be done to the electronics and to the system BPM+electronics are described briefly. Electronics Signals coming from a cavity beam position monitor usually oscillate at a very high frequency – from a few GHz up to a few tens of GHz. These signals must be downconverted before they may be digitized for the following analysis, because the capabilities of the digitizers available on the market are still limited to a few hundreds of MHz. Basically, two methods are used in the radio technics – heterodyne and homodyne. They also can be used for the conversion of the signal to a higher frequency, but we are not interested in this possibility and furthermore – need to suppress the high harmonic. We will start with the heterodyne receiver and then continue with the homodyne one (which could be treated as an extremely simplified version of the heterodyne unless it would not have some special properties). Heterodyne Receiver The (super-)heterodyne receiver is widely spread one. It is used everywhere starting from personal communication devices to radio and TV tuners. Figure below illustrates the main principle of heterodyne receiver. Radio frequency (RF) signal is first amplified in a frequency selective (but usually broadband) low noise stage, then translated to a lower intermediate frequency (IF): fIF = fRF – fLO. After a significant amplification and an additional filtering on the intermediate frequency it is finally downconverted to the baseband (i.e. to the original or desired signal frequency). This technique is flexible in changing the receiving frequency, because the only change to be done is the frequency of the first local oscillator (LO) in the wa