tableofcontents-greghand.docVIP

IONOSPHERIC COMMUNICATIONS ENHANCED PROFILE ANALYSIS CIRCUIT (ICEPAC) PREDICTION PROGRAM TECHNICAL MANUAL  TABLE OF CONTENTS Page 1. INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 HF Radio Propagation History 1 1.2 General Description 3 2. PREDICTABLE IONOSPHERIC PARAMETERS 5 2.1 D Region 5 2.2 E Region 6 2.3 F Region 8 2.4 Propagation by Way of sporadic E and Other Anomalous Ionization 10 2.5 Electron density profile model 12 3. CALCULATION OF CIRCUIT PARAMETERS FROM PATH GEOMETRY 14 3.1 Path Length and Bearings 14 3.2 Reflection Area Coordinates 14 3.3 Suns Zenith Angle 16 3.4 Types of Paths Considered 16 3.5 Ionospheric Parameters 17 3.6 Electron Density Profile 23 3.7 Raypath and Area Coverage Propagation 26 3.8 Probability of Sky-Wave Propagation 36 3.9 Probability of Sporadic-E Propagation 40 3.10 Calculation of Mixed Modes 41 4. NOISE PARAMETERS 42 4.1 Galactic Noise 42 4.2 Atmospheric Noise 42 4.3 Man-Made Noise 43 4.4 Combination of Noise 44 5. HIGH-FREQUENCY TRANSMISSION LOSS CALCULATIONS 46 5.1 Free Space Loss Lbf 47 5.2 Ionospheric Loss Li 48 5.3 Frequency Dependence Effects on Absorption 52 5.4 Loss For Propagation Above the Standard MUF 55 5.5 Sporadic E Loss 56 5.6 System Loss Ls 57 5.7 Conclusions 59  TABLE OF CONTENTS (CONTD) Page 6. LONG DISTANCE MODEL 60 6.1 Qualitative Aspects of Long Distance Communications 60 6.2 The Long Distance Model 64 6.3 Summary 69 7. HIGH-FREQUENCY SYSTEM PERFORMANCE 71 7.1 Circuit Reliability 71 7.2 Service Probability 74 7.3 Multipath Evaluation 82 8. MAXIMUM USABLE FREQUENCY (MUF) MODEL 85 8.1 Geometry of the MUF 86 9. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 89 APPENDIX A. INDIVIDUAL ANTENNA DESCRIPTIONS AND POWER GAIN EQUATIONS 90 REFERENCES 133  TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION OF ICEPAC PROPAGATION PREDICTION PROGRAM FRANK G. STEWART Simulation models have been developed for predicting and analyzing the performance of HF system