vicki drake- santa monica college（维姬德雷克-圣莫尼卡学院）.docVIP

Vicki Drake Santa Monica College Earth Sciences Department Email: drake_Vicki@smc.edu GEOGRAPHY LECTURE OUTLINE TEMPERATURE, HEAT AND ENERGY Energy The ability or capacity to do work on some form of matter (matter being any substance that takes up space and has mass. Energy may be considered as either Kinetic or Potential Potential Energy Total amount of energy stored in any object Value of Potential Energy (PE) determined by work capability Potential Energy examples include: A battery, water in a dam, or an object lifted up against the pull of gravity Kinetic Energy Energy possessed by moving substances/objects Value of Kinetic Energy (KE) determined by speed of moving substance and mass of object (Momentum = mass x velocity) Kinetic Energy examples include: heat energy, solar energy, light energy, electrical energy 1st Law of Thermodynamics: The Law of Conservation of Energy Energy cannot be either created or destroyed. It can only change from one form to another. Energy “lost” during a process must equal the energy “gained” during another process. Internal Energy The stored PE and KE of atoms and molecules in the world Temperature is a measurement of the internal energy of a substance Temperature is: a measurement of the average Kinetic Energy (speed) of atoms and/or molecules in a substance Heat Energy Represents energy in the process of being transferred from one object to another due to a difference in temperatures between the two objects Heat Capacity The ratio of the amount of heat energy absorbed by a substances measured by a temperature increase Specific Heat The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 gram (g) of any substance by 1 degree (10) Celsius. Water has a specific heat of 1.0 (baseline), while soil has a specific heat of 0.2 Water can absorb 5 times more heat before it reflects a temperature increase and has a “high” specific heat Water heats slowly, and releases heat slowly Soils heat quickly, and release heat quickly Lat