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the explorationof neptuneand triton- lunarand planetary（的explorationof neptuneand triton - lunarand行星）.doc

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The Exploration of Neptune and Triton Submitted to the NRC 2009 Planetary Science Decadal Survey Authors: C. B. Agnor (Queen Mary, University of London) A. C. Barr (Southwest Research Institute) B. Bierhaus (Lockheed Martin) D. A. Brain (UC Berkeley) Other authors will be added here... A. Author (U.Y.) B. Author (U.Z.) 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Neptune and its captured moon Triton are unexplored with modern spacecraft instrumentation. Observations of these objects are urgently needed to address planet formation and the evolution of ice giant planets, icy satellites, Kuiper Belt Objects, and the solar system itself. Neptune has the strongest winds in the solar system, a highly complex magnetosphere, tenuous ring arcs and a system of satellites that has suffered extreme collisional, tidal, and orbital evolution. The composition and size of its core constrains planetary formation at the edge of the planetary system, and informs the characteristics of the system’s subsequent dynamical evolution. Neptune’s large moon Triton is likely a captured Kuiper Belt Object (KBO), with a remarkable but poorly understood surface and atmosphere that hint at geological activity, an active interior, and a possible subsurface ocean. Due to its unique dynamical history, Triton possesses both properties known to drive interesting geology and chemistry on icy worlds: hydrocarbons and a history of tidal dissipation. Thus, Triton holds the key to understanding the evolution of the entire spectrum of icy objects in the solar system, from large icy moons to small KBO’s. A Neptune orbiter, which may be feasible under the New Frontiers program given recent technological developments, would provide a significant increase in scientific knowledge at modest cost. However, new measurements returned by any class of mission would contribute priority science. To avoid loss of institutional memory and first-hand experience at Neptune, planning and implementation of a Neptune mission mu