企业成本与战略管理.ppt

Accounting systems are used to record economic events and transactions such as sales and the purchases of materials and then process the data into a format that is helpful for managers and others. Management accounting is the process of measuring, analyzing and reporting financial and nonfinancial information that helps managers make decisions. Financial accounting has a focus on the financial information that is disseminated to external parties such as investors, government agencies, banks and suppliers. * Cost accounting provides information for both management and financial accounting professionals has its focus on the costs of acquiring or using resources in the organization. * In this slide, a graphical representation highlighting the major differences between management and financial accounting is presented. The categories compared are the: Purpose of the information, Primary users, Focus and emphasis, Rules of measurement and reporting (for example, Financial Accounting must follow GAAP whereas management accounting information is based on a cost-benefit analysis.), Time span and type of reports and Behavioral implications. This is Exhibit 1-1 page 4. * Deciding between the two broad strategies of cost leadership or product differentiation is a critical part of what managers do. Management accountants work closely with managers in various departments to formulate strategies by providing information about the sources of competitive advantage, such as (1) their company’s cost, productivity or efficiency advantage relative to competitors or (2) the premium prices a company can charge relative to the costs of adding features that make its products or services distinctive. * Management accounting information helps managers formulate strategy by answering questions such as the following: Who are our most important customers, and how can we be competitive and deliver value to them? What substitute products exist in the marketplace, and how do they differ from