basicconcepts(基本概念.docVIP

Chapter 2 Linear Programming (線性規劃) : Basic Concepts (基本概念) ( 講義/多媒體版 ID: LOVe21 , passwd: MULti$3 ( 2.1 Product Mix (產品組合) ( 2.2 Mathematical Model: ( max / min a x + b y s.t. ( 2.3 圖解法：在滿足所有的限制下，找到目標的極值 ( 2.4 Formulating the Wyndor Problem on a Spreadsheet ( 2.5 Using the Excel Solver ( 2.6 Simplex Method (單形法) ( 2.7 Why Call it Linear Programming (LP) ( More in Chapter 14 (CD-ROM) McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright ? 2008 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.2-2 2.1 Product Mix (產品組合) Problem ( Wyndor has developed the following new products ( An 8-foot (呎) glass door (玻璃門) with aluminum framing (鋁框) ( A 4-foot by 6-foot wood-framed window (木框窗 戶) ( The company has three plants (工廠) 1. Produces aluminum frames and hardware (硬體) 2. produces (生產) wood frames 3. produces glass and assembles (組裝) the windows and doors.2-3 Management Science Group ( Q: Which combination (組合) of production rates (生產率) for the two products would maximize (最大化) the total profit (總利潤)? ( (1) Data first: Accounting (會計) department estimates the parameters (估計參數) Plant Production Time Per Batch (批), Hours Production time available 1 2 3 Product (可用的) 1 2 1 0 0 2 3 2 4 hours 12 hours 18 hours Profit $300 $5002-4 2.2 Mathematical Model for Wyndor Glass Co. ? (2) Decision variables (決策變數) D = the number (數目) of doors (門) to produce W = the number of windows (窗) to produce ? (3) Objective function (目標函數) Maximize (最大) P = $300 D + $500 W ? (4) Functional (函數) or structural (結構) constraints (限制式) D ≤ 4, 2W ≤ 12 , 3D +2W ≤ and (nonnegativity (非負) constraints) D ≥ 0, W ≥ 02-5 Find the Optimal Solution (最佳解) ? 最大化 300 D + 500 W ( 新限制式 ? 限制式 D ≥ 0, W ≥ 0 D ≤ 4 3D ≤ 18 – 12 = 6 D ≤ 4 ( D ≤ min {4, 6 /3} = 2 2W ≤ 12 ( 目標 300 *2+ 500 * 6 3D +2W ≤ 18 = 3600 ? 直覺或短視 (Myopic ) : 目標 500 較大，選 W ( 最佳解？ —限制 W ≤ min {12 / 2 , 18 / 2} =2-6 2.3 Graphing (畫圖) the Product Mix Production rate for windows W 10 ? 3 D + 2 W ≤ ? 3 D + 2 W = 18 的左下 8 或右上 ( 選原點 (origin) 6 3D + 2W =