translation equivalence.pptVIP

J. C. Catford J. C. Carford stated it as “the replacement of textual material in one language by equivalent textual material in anther language”. Eugene Nida Eugene Nida put forward the idea of “functional equivalence” or “dynamic equivalence”------the use of different means to make the target text have the same effect on the reader as the source text. Otto Kade Total (one-to-one) equivalence Facultative (one-to-many) equivalence Aproximative (one-to-part) equivalence Zero (one-to-none) equivalence Werner koller He put forward more wide-ranged concepts of “denotative equivalence” “connotative equivalence” , “text-nonmative equivalence”, “pragmatic equivalence”, “formal-aesthetical equivalence Other scholars also put forward “linguistic equivalence” ,” paradigmatic equivalence” “ stylistic equivalence ” , “textual equivalence”. 1.what is Equivalence? Equivalence reefers to the description of one thing different languages.In fact tanslantion is about equivalence. Do you know how many kinds of equivalence there are?And what are they? There are the following kinds of equivalenc: Ⅰ.Word equivalence ⒈Words without equivalents. In this case,an explanation is given instead of an equivalent. Examples: clock-watcher :老是看钟等下班的人 缘分 ：fate or chance that brings people together ⒉Complete equivanlence : It refers to the case in which two words or phrases in different languages have exactly the same meaning. Examples : The Pacific Ocean :太平洋 The U.S. State Department :美国国务院 As busy as a bee :忙如蜜蜂 ⒊Equivalents interwoven with one another A certain word may be treated differently according to various context or collocations. Examples： Speak/talk；说，谈，讲，诉 Speak/talk in class Speak the English Talk about the news Ⅱ.Form equivalence ⒈The same form,but with different meanings. Because the expressions in different languages are different,in many cases,the forms book similar,however,they convey differen