运用杂交构树对尾矿生态修复和矿区绿化.docVIP

运用杂交构树对尾矿生态修复和矿区绿化 　　摘 要：矿产资源是我国社会经济发展的重要支柱，然而矿产资源的开发同时也是迄今人类最大规模改变地球表面景观和破坏地表生态系统的有组织的人类活动。因此，废弃矿山的生态恢复和矿区生态绿化是迫切需要解决的问题。本文在河北省唐山铁矿区内5个试验地种植试验的结果表明，杂交构树对废弃矿山和矿区恶劣生境表现出良好适应性。在不采取工程措施的情况下，通过原土种植，可获得较高的存活率，后期管护措施简便、易行，降低了尾矿生态修复和矿区绿化的成本。本研究为杂交构树在矿山地区的大面积推广种植提供了理论依据，在生态环境治理、矿区修复和绿化等方面具有广泛的应用前景。 　　关键词：杂交构树；矿山修复；生态绿化；尾矿治理 　　中图分类号：S792 文献标识码：A DOI 编码：10.3969/j.issn.1006-6500.2016.12.024 　　Application of the Paper Mulberry in Ecological Restoration of Tailings and Mining Area 　　PENG Xianjun，WANG Jinshan，SHEN Shihua 　　（Institute of Botany， Chinese Academy of Sciences， Beijing 100093，China） 　　Abstract： Mineral resources is an important pillar for our countrys social and economic development， but mineral resources development is also the largest organized human activity which changes the landscape of the earths surface and destroys the surface ecological system. Therefore， the ecological restoration of abandoned mine and the mining area ecological greening are urgent. In this study， five iron producing area in Tangshan of Hebei Province were selected for planting experiment. The results showed that paper mulberry can achieve the high survival rate without taking engineering measures and through the original soil planting. In addition， the paper mulberry also exhibited the good adaptability to abandoned mines and mining area environment. The plantation management is simple and easy which can reduce the cost of the ecological restoration of tailings and mining area greening. This research provides the theoretical basis for planting the paper mulberry in restoration of the ecological environment of the mine area. 　　Key words： paper mulberry； mine restoration； ecological greening； tailings treating 　　近些年，随着我国经济的快速增长，对矿产资源的需求不断增大，开采规模持续快速扩大，带来的环境污染和生态破坏问题也日趋严峻。大规模的矿石开采，使生态系统遭受严重破坏：水土流失、山体滑坡等灾害的发生频率大大增加；地表植被和自然地貌遭到严重破坏；尾矿粉堆积如山；土壤微生物环境受到破坏；水体、大气的污染日趋严重[1-2]。长期以来，政府和企业投入了巨大的人力、物力和财力，通过大规模的工程技术手段对尾矿加以改造，通过种植园林绿化植物进行造景和生态恢复。但是，由于巨大的前期投入和后期不断增加的养护成本，常用的园林植物，如银杏、白蜡、刺槐和榆树等乔木类树