Newton’s Universal Law of Gravitation University of 牛顿万有引力定律大学.pptVIP

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Newton’s Universal Law of Gravitation University of 牛顿万有引力定律大学.ppt

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Newton’s Universal Law of Gravitation University of 牛顿万有引力定律大学

Newton’s Universal Law of Gravitation Physics 100 Chapt 10 Very fast horizontal toss Orbital motion is free fall Centripetal acceleration Artificial satellite Moon-earth Is the Moon in free-fall around the Earth? Moon’s centripetal acceleration Newton’s dreams Distances Newton’s big idea Gravity gets weaker as 1/dist2 Universal law of gravity Universal What is G? Force of gravity between “ordinary-sized” objects Measuring gravity force between “ordinary-sized” objects is very hard Moon’s gravity causes tides So does the Sun’s Measuring Weight Weightlessness Weightlessness means =0 Weightlessness in action “Floating” is space isreally free-falling in space What is g on the moon? gM on the Moon summary * t = 0s t = 1s x= 8km 5m t = 2s x=16km t = 3s x=24km 20m 45m V=8km/s V = 4 km/s V = 6 km/s V = 8 km/s V = 10 km/s Circular Orbit! Eliptical Orbit a = v2/r for a circular orbit (v = 8km/s = 8x103m/s) a = (8 x103 m/s)2 6.4 x 106 m = 64 x106 m2/s2 6.4 x 106 m = 10 m/s2 Toward Earth’s center = g a v a = v2/r = g v a=v2/r r=3.84x105km v a = v2/r what is v? v = dist/time = 2pr 28d = 2x3.14x 3.84x108 m 28dx(24h/d)x3.6x103s = 24 x 108 m 2.4x106s = 1.0 x 103 m/s amoon = v2/r; v = 1.0 x103 m/s) amoon= (1.0 x103 m/s)2 3.84 x 108 m = 1.0x106 m2/s2 3.84 x 108 m = 2.7 x 10-3 m/s2 Toward Earth’s center ? g 1 3600 Hmmmmm The Moon is in free-fall around the Earth It’s acceleration is only 1/3600 g (accel at the Earth’s surface) r=3.84x108m = 60 x 6.4x106 m The moon is 60x further from the Earth’s center than objects on (near) the Earth’s surface = 60 x RE 1 60 1 3600 ( )2= RE = 6.4x106m The force of gravity gets weaker as distance squared The moon is 60x further from the Earth’s center than objects on (near) the Earth’s surface The strength of Earth’s gravity near the Moon is (1/60)2 t=1/3600 times weaker m M r F ? m F ? M F ? 1 r2 combine: F ? mM r2 F = G mM r2 Proportionality constant: “Newton’s Constant” Universal: applies to all objects!!! W=