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Plato “The Allegory of the Cave” Wikispaces“地下室板allegory of the wiki空间”.ppt

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Plato “The Allegory of the Cave” Wikispaces“地下室板allegory of the wiki空间”

Plato“The Allegory of the Cave” Meaning and Analysis Who is Plato? Born 427BCE; died 347 BCE Son of wealthy aristocrat Called Plato because of his broad shoulders; was a champion wrestler Student of Socrates during late teens and 20s (was 28 when Socrates died) Socrates death led to Platos distrust of democracy. After Socrates death, he traveled for 12 years in Egypt, Italy, perhaps India. Returned to Athens in 387, ready to write and teach Founded The Academy, the first formal university in the Western world Platonic ideas Founder of ontological realism, an ontological view which says: Above and beyond the everyday world of appearances, there exists another, more perfect realm of pure Ideas, universals, or Forms, which are the true reals or existences: permanent, unchanging, and divine. The Ideas are the true existences: they define the categories of thought and existence. The world of appearances is just an approximation of the pure Ideas: that chair is a chair because it is similar to a True Chair. It is as if they were in a cave, with the sun shining into the cave, and casting shadows on the wall; most men look at the shadows and think they are real; but some men, the philosophers (lovers of wisdom), turn, and realize that the shadows are just shadows,??and ascend from the cave, to the world of true being (the Ideas or Forms); these men, because they have been enlightened (and see the Sun in all its Truth), have an obligation to go back in the cave and instruct the others, to guide them, as they live in the world of appearances. ??? Philosophers are RARE; most men cannot deal with the truth. ??? Difference between true knowledge and opinion. The Allegory of the Cave Plato realizes that the general run of humankind can think, and speak, etc., without (so far as they acknowledge) any awareness of reality. The allegory of the cave is supposed to explain this. Meaning in the allegory In the allegory, Plato likens people untutored in the Theory of Fo