PowerPoint Presentation Microbial GrowthPowerPoint演示文稿微生物的生长.pptVIP

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Microbial Growth Growth of Microbes Increase in number of cells, not cell size One cell becomes colony of millions of cells Growth of Microbes Control of growth is important for infection control growth of industrial and biotech organisms Factors Regulating Growth Nutrients Environmental conditions: temperature, pH, osmotic pressure Generation time Chemical Requirements #1 = water! Elements C (50% of cell’s dry weight) HONPS Trace elements Organic Source of energy (glucose) Vitamins (coenzymes) Some amino acids, purines and pyrimidines Nutritional Categories Carbon sources CO2 = autotroph organic = heterotroph Energy sources sunlight = phototroph organic = chemotroph A “Chemoheterotroph”would….. Derive both carbon and energy from organic compounds A “Chemoorganic autotroph would be…. Derives energy from organic compounds and carbon source from inorganic compounds A related ancient group….. Lithoautotroph Neither sunlight nor organics used, rather it relies totally on inorganics Nutritional Categories Saprobe – lives on organic matter of dead organisms Parasite – lives on organic matter of living host = pathogens Environmental Factors Influencing Growth Temperature O2 pH Osmotic Pressure Others: radiation, atmospheric pressure Temperature Optima Psychrophiles: cold-loving Mesophiles: moderate temperature-loving Thermophiles: heat-loving Each has a minimum, optimum, and maximum growth temperature Fig. 7.8 Temperature Optima Optimum growth temperature is usually near the top of the growth range Death above the maximum temp. comes from enzyme inactivation Mesophiles most common group of organisms 40oF (5°C) slows or stops growth of most microbes Oxygen Requirements Obligate aerobes – require O2 Facultative anaerobes – can use O2 but also grow without it Obligate anaerobes – die in the presence of O2 pH Most bacteria grow between pH 6.5 and 7.5 Acid (below pH 4) good preservative for pickl