罗宾斯《管理学原理》FOM6_CH01in.pptVIP

Managers and Management L E A R N I N G O U T C O M E S Describe the difference between managers and operative employees. Explain what is meant by the term management. Differentiate between efficiency and effectiveness. Describe the four primary processes of management. Classify the three levels of managers and identify the primary responsibility of each group. Summarize the essential roles performed by managers. Discuss whether the manager’s job is generic. L E A R N I N G O U T C O M E S (cont’d) Describe the four general skills necessary for becoming a successful manager. Describe the value of studying management. Identify the relevance of popular humanities and social science courses to management practices. Who Are Managers And Where Do They Work? Organization A systematic arrangement of people brought together to accomplish some specific purpose; applies to all organizations. Where managers work (manage). Common Characteristics of Organizations Distinct purpose and goals People Systematic structure EXHIBIT 1–1 Common Characteristics of Organizations People Differences Operatives People who work directly on a job or task and have no responsibility for overseeing the work of others. Managers Individuals in an organization who direct the activities of others. EXHIBIT 1–2 Organizational Levels Identifying Managers First-line Managers Supervisors responsible for directing the day-to-day activities of operative employees Middle Managers Individuals at levels of management between the first-line manager and top management Top Managers Individuals who are responsible for making decisions about the direction of the organization and establishing policies that affect all organizational members How Do We Define Management? Management The process of getting things done, effectively and efficiently, through and with other people Efficiency Doing the thing correctly; refers to the relationship between inputs and outputs; seeks to minimize resource costs Effectiveness D