创伤病人护理指导.ppt

第九章 创伤病人的护理Chapter9 Nursing Care of Patients Experiencing Trauma Yanyan Wang E-mail:Amywyy@126.com Learning Outcomes: Define the word trauma. Define the types of trauma. Discuss the causes, effects, and initial management of trauma. Describe collaborative interventions for patients experiencing trauma. Use the nursing process as a framework for providing individualized care to patients experiencing trauma. Definition and Introduction Trauma is defined as injury to human tissues and organs resulting from the abnormal transfer of energy from the environment. 【概述】 创伤(trauma)有广义和狭义之分，广义的是指机械、物理、化学或生物等因素造成的气伤；狭义的是指机械性致伤因素作用于机体所造成的组织结构完整性破坏或功能障碍。 临床多见的是机械性致伤因素作用于机体所致的损伤，如工伤事故、交通事故等导致的却软组织破损、出血、脏器破裂、骨折、关节脱位等。 In the past, the term trauma has been associated with the word accident. Accident means that the injury ocurred without intent, just a result of random chance. We now know that considerable number of injuries are preventable and not of random chance. Intentional and nonintentional trauma encompasses a variety of injuries resulting from motor vehicle crashes, pedestrian injuries, gunshot wounds, falls,voilence towards others, or self-inflicted violence. The injuries,disabilities,and deaths resulting from these acts constitute a major healthcare challenge. Role of Nurses Trauma usually occurs suddenly, leaving the patient and family with little time to prepare for its consequences. Trauma may alter the patient’s previous way of life, potentially effecting independence, mobility, cognitive thinking ,and appearance. Nurses provide a vital link in both the physical and psychosocial care for the injured patient and family. In caring for the patient who has experienced trauma, nurses must consider not only the initial physical injury, but also its long-term consequences, including rehabilitation. 由于创伤往往是突然发生的，患者和家属没有足够时间来应对创伤带来的各种不良后果。而护士对于患者及家属身体的、心理社会的安抚照料发挥着重大作用。护士在护理创伤患者过程中不仅要考虑其最初的身体伤害，还要拟定后期康复等长远护理计划，因为创伤对于患者的影响可能不单涉及到生活方式的改变，还可能潜在地