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A Review of X-ray Observations of Supernova Remnants.pdf

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A Review of X-ray Observations of Supernova Remnants

a r X i v : a s t r o - p h / 0 3 1 1 4 0 6 v 1 1 7 N o v 2 0 0 3 1 A Review of X-ray Observations of Supernova Remnants Jacco Vink a b ? a Columbia Astrophysics Laboratory, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA b Present address: SRON National Institute for Space Research, Sorbonnelaan 2, 3584 CA Utrecht, Netherlands I present a review of X-ray observations of supernova remnants with an emphasis on shell-type remnants. The topics discussed are the observation of fresh nucleosynthesis products, shock heating and cosmic ray acceleration. 1. INTRODUCTION Although radio and optical observations have played an important role in identifying and character- izing supernova remnants (SNRs), most of the shock heated material is primarily visible in X-rays, having temperatures of typically 106 ? 107 K. The emission mechanisms are bremsstrahlung and line radiation, but a number of remnants are now known to emit X- ray synchrotron radiation from ultra-relativistic elec- trons, as well. This was already known for pulsar wind nebula dominated, or Crab-like remnants, which fall outside the scope of this review, but also shell- type remnants like SN 1006 emit synchrotron radia- tion from electrons accelerated by the blast wave [1]. The X-ray line emission of SNRs is in particular interesting, as it allows the study of the most abun- dant metals, the so called α-elements, which promi- nently feature in the X-ray spectra of young SNRs like Cas A, Tycho (SN 1576) and Kepler (SN 1064). This line emission, and mass estimates based on the X-ray emission, give important information on the nucle- osynthesis yields of the explosions, which can then be compared to theoretical supernova (SN) models [2,3]. The line and bremsstrahlung emission give us a window on the past of the SNR: its progenitor and the SN explosion. X-ray synchrotron radiation, on the other hand, is interesting as it provides a window on cosmic ray shock acceleration. SNRs are thought to be the primary source of cosmi