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A three-dimensional circulation in the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea in the presence of M2 tide..pdf

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A three-dimensional circulation in the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea in the presence of M2 tide.

Continental Shelf Research 22 (2002) 67–91 A three-dimensional mixed finite-difference Galerkin function model for the oceanic circulation in the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea in the presence of M2 tide Ho Jin Leea, Kyung Tae Junga,*, Jae Kwi Soa, Jong Yul Chungb aKorea Ocean Research and Development Institute, Ansan P.O. Box 29, Seoul 425-600, South Korea bDepartment of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, South Korea Received 23 April 1999; received in revised form 14 November 2000; accepted 23 May 2001 Abstract This paper, as a sequel to Lee et al. (Continental Shelf Research 20 (2000) 863) describes the simulation of the oceanic current in the Yellow Sea (YS) and the East China Sea (ECS) with forcings of M2 tide as well as oceanic flows prescribed at the open boundary. The model is three dimensional and barotropic, and uses a finite-difference approximation in the horizontal plane and function expansions in the vertical direction. The bottom stress is represented by the conventional quadratic friction law and the vertical eddy viscosity takes a flow-related form. A radiation condition is employed along the open boundaries to handle the M2 tide and oceanic flows simultaneously. From a series of numerical calculations with M2 tide forcing only, the bottom friction coefficient, 0.0035, has been found as an optimum value with which RMS errors (amplitude, phase lag) are calculated as 16.4 cm, 19.51. Calculations have also been carried out to investigate the effects of using an empirical function expansion for the current profiles below the main stream of Kuroshio. Despite the bias of the tidal propagation and the associated flux, the tidal chart has been calculated with tolerable accuracy. The model calculation confirms the results of Exp. 4 of Lee et al. (Continental Shelf Research 20 (2000) 863), in that the tide-enhanced bottom friction effectively blocks the penetration of northwestward flow into the YS known as the Yellow Sea Warm Current