COMPETITION Dynamics of Competition between Wheat and Oat I. Effects of Changing the Timing.pdf
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COMPETITION Dynamics of Competition between Wheat and Oat I. Effects of Changing the Timing
COMPETITION
Dynamics of Competition between Wheat and Oat: I. Effects of Changing the Timing
of Phenological Events
Roger D. Cousens,* Allan G. Barnett, and Geoffrey C. Barry
ABSTRACT The identification of such traits has usually involved
correlation analyses between final yield and morpholog-Supply and demand for resources change dynamically throughout
ical descriptors of plants at maturity or at some arbitrarythe growing season. If we are to understand the differences in competi-
earlier stage (e.g., Reeves and Brooke, 1977; Balyan ettiveness among crop cultivars, we need to study the dynamics of
species interactions, not just their outcomes. We examined the tempo- al., 1991; Lemerle et al., 1996). Such simple correlations,
ral patterns in competition between wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) however, ignore the dynamics of competition. By defini-
and oat (Avena sativa L.) in a series of field experiments. The com- tion, competition occurs when plants take up resources
bined effects of shifts in height growth and phenological development that are in limited supply. Resources vary in availability
were described for monocultures and mixtures by varying the sowing throughout the year; different resources will vary in the
dates of the species. Similar observations were made for oat competing timing and extent to which they become limiting. Forwith wheat lines differing in flowering time and for wheat competing
example, competition for nutrients may begin early,with a range of Avena taxa. In contrast to earlier work, no reversals
whereas water may not become limiting until after an-of competitive hierarchy were seen during the season. The species that
thesis; uptake of a resource early in the season when itachieved the greater biomass early on remained the better competitor
is not limited may intensify competition for it muchthroughout growth. The hypothesis that a delay in emergence will
move the timing of such reversals was thus not supported. There were later. Remarkably
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