原创力文档An accelerated Monte Carlo method to solve two-dimensional radiative transfer and molecular.pdf
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An accelerated Monte Carlo method to solve two-dimensional radiative transfer and molecular
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AA manuscript no.
(will be inserted by hand later)
Your thesaurus codes are:
08 (02.12.1; 02.18.7; 03.13.4; 08.06.2; 09.13.2)
ASTRONOMY
AND
ASTROPHYSICS
An accelerated Monte Carlo method to solve two-
dimensional radiative transfer and molecular excitation
With applications to axisymmetric models of star formation
Michiel R. Hogerheijde1 and Floris F. S. van der Tak2
1 Radio Astronomy Laboratory, University of California at Berkeley, Astronomy Department, 601 Campbell Hall # 3411,
Berkeley, CA 94720-3411, USA
e-mail: michiel@
2 Sterrewacht Leiden, Postbus 9513, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
e-mail: vdtak@strw.leidenuniv.nl
Received / Accepted
Abstract. We present a numerical method and computer
code to calculate the radiative transfer and excitation
of molecular lines. Formulating the Monte Carlo method
from the viewpoint of cells rather than photons allows us
to separate local and external contributions to the radia-
tion field. This separation is critical to accurate and fast
performance at high optical depths (τ ～ 100). The ran-
dom nature of the Monte Carlo method serves to verify the
independence of the solution to the angular, spatial, and
frequency sampling of the radiation field. These features
allow use of our method in a wide variety of astrophysi-
cal problems without specific adaptations: in any axially
symmetric source model and for all atoms or molecules for
which collisional rate coefficients are available. Continuum
emission and absorption by dust is explicitly taken into
account but scattering is neglected. We illustrate these
features in calculations of (i) the HCO+ J=1–0 and 3–2
emission from a flattened protostellar envelope with infall
and rotation, (ii) the CO, HCO+, CN and HCN emission
from a protoplanetary disk and (iii) HCN emission from
a high-mass young stellar object, where infrared pump-
ing is important. The program can be used for optical
depths up to 103 ? 104, d
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