冯喜增《结构生物学》第二讲-2 DNA Condensation.pptVIP

DNA Twisting Flexibility and the Formation of DNA Condensates;1.General Background on DNA Toroids;This phenomenon is more than a mere curiosity, as DNA condensates have served as models of high density packing in biological systems, particularly in viruses and sperm cells, and have found applications in the artificial gene delivery. During the 1990s Bloomfield presented several excellent reviews on DNA toroids and on DNA condensation.;Theoreticians have also made substantial advances within the past several years regarding the physical origins of DNA condensation. Who are interested in the more theoretical treatments of DNA condensation are referred to recent papers in this field.;2. DNA Toroid Size and Mechanisms of Formation ;Elastic model of DNA supercoiling in the infinite-length limit;A constant radius of curvature model for the organization of DNA in toroidal condensates;The smaller toroids, which have larger holes, appear to be incompletely formed, whereas the larger toroids with the smaller holes are apparently fully developed. (Bar = 100 nm.);The three-state model for the dynamics of toroid formation (1) ;(B) The probability (ln) that a DNA molecule in the extended state will form an n-base-pair loop depends upon the change in free energy (ΔGn) associated with the formation;(C) In this simplified model for toroid initiation, two possible transitions for an existing loop, which are a return to the ground state (loop disintegration) or condensing agent binding (the completion of toroid initiation).;Distributions of toroid-loop sizes are illustrated by plots of Eqs. 8 and 9.;Deformation of toroidal DNA condensates under surface stress, Europhys. Lett., 1996, 33 (5): 353-358. Toroidal Condensates of Semiflexible Polymers in Poor Solvents: Adsorption, Stretching, and Compression, Biophysical Journal, 2001, 80: 161–168. A director-field model of DNA packaging in viral capsids, Journal of the