On the care of patients with obstructive pulmonary emphysema.docVIP

 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 8 On the care of patients with obstructive pulmonary emphysema [Keywords:] emphysema care expansion First, the etiology and pathogenesis Has not yet been fully elucidated, many believe that its occurrence is the result of many factors. Cause a variety of factors can cause chronic bronchitis emphysema, such as infection, smoking, air pollution, occupational dust and harmful gases long-term inhalation, allergies, etc., of which smoking is particularly important, it actually belongs to chronic obstructive pulmonary emphysema complications of chronic bronchitis. pathogenesis of emphysema can be grouped into the following aspects: 1. Small airway obstruction is not completely (1) chronic inflammation of the bronchial lumen, the formation is not completely blocked, inspiratory gas easily into the alveoli, but expiratory intrapleural pressure increases due to tracheal occlusion, resulting in excessive residual alveolar gas, the final alveolar hyperinflation, expansion. (2) chronic inflammation of the small bronchial cartilage damage, loss of normal bronchial stent to the role of bronchodilator inspiratory gas into the alveoli still capable, but too narrow bronchial exhale, trapping and hinder gas emissions, leading to accumulation of alveolar gas gradually increased, so that alveolar expansion and pressure increased significantly. 2. Decreased lung tissue elasticity (1) chronic inflammation of lung tissue so that white blood cells and macrophages increase the release of proteolytic enzymes, or cigarette ingredients can be activated by cell toxicity and cell leaving the active release of neutrophil elastase, and thus damage lung tissue and alveolar wall, the formation of bullae, or emphysema. (2) With the increase in alveolar pressure and alveolar expansion, capillary pressure within the alveolar wall, blood supply was reduced, so that lung tissue dystrophy, may also cause impaired alveolar wall elastic and ea