On the causes of renal pathophysiology.docVIP

 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 20 On the causes of renal pathophysiology Kidney is the body’s vital organs, their structure and function is very complicated. Kidney function are mainly the following four aspects: 1. Urinary function Kidneys by generating urine, metabolites row, maintaining water and electrolyte and acid-alkaline balance, maintaining the relative stability of inner environment is extremely important. 2. Endocrine function Currently known, the kidneys secrete bio-active substances are: renin, erythropoietin, vitamin D3 (1,25 - (OH) 2D3), prostaglandins (PGA2, PGE2, PGF2α, PGI2), there are some enzymes (such as the kallikrein), they have important physiological functions. 3. Renal compensatory reserve capacity The basic structure of renal function is called renal units (Nephron). Normal kidneys are about two million renal unit. GFR (glomerular filtration rate) of 125ml/min. Resection of the side of the kidney, Jianshen may compensate its functions. But when the glomerular filtration rate lower than 25%, the kidney is not enough to maintain normal renal function. Renal dysfunction will lead to a series of pathological processes, and death. Including renal edema, renal hypertension, renal anemia, renal osteodystrophy and renal failure. Outlining the renal dysfunction in this chapter the causes and mechanisms, based on focused on acute renal failure, chronic kidney function exhaustion and uremia three questions. The reasons for renal dysfunction (A) primary in the kidney disease itself, 1. To glomerular damage-based diseases: acute and chronic glomerular nephritis, nephrotic syndrome. 2. With tubular damage-based diseases: acute toxic tubular necrosis 3. To renal interstitial damage-based diseases: acute interstitial nephritis (B) secondary to systemic diseases, kidney damage 1. Connective tissue and autoimmune diseases: systemic lupus eryt