“菌”字的早期含业腻探析——兼论《墨子》中的“菌”字.pdfVIP

溯 源 “菌”字的早期含义探析 ———兼论《墨子》中的“菌”字 芦 笛 (伦敦大学学院,英国伦敦) 摘 要:先秦时期即已出现的“菌”字至今仍被广泛使用。 该字在先秦文献中多次出现,其义项不囿于菌类一种。 《墨子》的 《迎敌祠》和《旗帜》篇皆含“菌”字,注家对其含义、字形和在句中的位置意见不一。 文章通过梳理注家的意见和先秦用例并 结合语境,认为《迎敌祠》篇中“客菌”和“涂菌”之“菌”当释为翳蔽之意;前一“菌”字非“圉”之误,而后一“菌”字亦非“固” 之误,且应与“涂”字断开,置于下文“令”字之后并与之连用。 《旗帜》篇中“菌旗”之“菌”非“茜”之误,而应释为食用菌类。 关键词:墨子,菌,迎敌祠,旗帜,先秦 中图分类号:N04;H13 文献标识码:A DOI:10.3969/ j.issn.1673-8578.2016.02.013 Exploration of the Early Meanings of Chinese Character “Jun”/ / LU Di Abstract:The Chinese character “jun” which apeared in Pre-Qin period is still in wide use today. “Jun” appears in Pre-Qin literaturefor several times,and its meanings are not limited to fungi. The chapters Preparations for Wars and Flags of Mozi both contain the character “jun”,but later annotatorsof thetext helddivergentviewsonthemeaning,pattern,andtextualpositionof the character. By means of referringtoannotatorscommentsandPre-Qinusageofthecharacter,combinedwithtextualcontext,wefound that the term “jun” in “kejun” and “tujun” inPreparationsforWarsmeansshelter. Theformer “jun” isnotthewrongcharacterfor “yu”,while the latter one is not thewrong character for “gu”. And the latter “jun” should be separated from “tu”,and then put behind thefollowing character “ling”,constituting the term “lingjun”. The “jun” in the term “junqi” in Flags is not the wrong character for “qian”;it should be understood as ediblefungi. Keywords:Mozi,jun,Preparationsfor Wars,Flags,Pre-Qin period “菌”是当今生物学领域广泛使用的一个汉 研究方面角度来看,我们只当问书的本身有无学术 字,早在先秦时期即已见诸文献,其古今含义之演 [6]6 上的价值”,而成书年代问题则是次要的 。 下面 变值得关注。 《墨子》一书的《迎敌祠》和《旗帜》二 在回顾先秦文献“菌”字用例的基础上,就这两篇 篇皆含