Associations between Family-Related Factors, Breakfast Consumption and BMI among 10- to 12-Year-Old European Children The Cross-Sectional ENERGY-Study.docVIP

AssociationsbetweenFamily-RelatedFactors,Breakfast ConsumptionandBMIamong10-to12-Year-Old EuropeanChildren:TheCross-SectionalENERGY-Study WendyVanLippevelde1*,SaskiaJ.TeVelde2,Ma?¨te′ Verloigne3,MaartjeM.VanStralen4,IlseDe Bourdeaudhuij3,YannisManios5,EllingBere6,FroydisN.Vik6,Natasˇa Jan7,JuanM.Ferna′ndezAlvira8, MaiJ.M.Chinapaw4,BettinaBringolf-Isler9,10,EvaKovacs11,JohannesBrug2,LeaMaes1 1Department of Public Health, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium, 2Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, VU University Medical Center, EMGO Institute for HealthandCareResearch,Amsterdam,TheNetherlands,3DepartmentofMovementandSportSciences,GhentUniversity,Ghent,Belgium,4DepartmentofPublicand OccupationalHealth,VUUniversityMedicalCenter,EMGOInstituteforHealthandCareResearch,Amsterdam,TheNetherlands,5DepartmentofNutritionandDietetics, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece, 6Faculty of Health and Sport, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway, 7Slovenian Heart Foundation, Ljubljana, Slovenia, 8InstitutoAragone′sdeCienciasdelaSalud,UniversityofZaragoza,Zaragoza,Spain,9SwissTropicalandPublicHealthInstitute,DepartmentofEpidemiologyandPublic Health,10UniversityofBasel,Basel,Switzerland,11DepartmentofPaediatrics,UniversityofPe′cs, Pe′cs,Hungary Abstract Objective:Toinvestigateassociationsoffamily-relatedfactorswithchildren’sbreakfastconsumptionandBMI-z-scoreand toexaminewhetherchildren’sbreakfastconsumptionmediatesassociationsbetweenfamily-relatedfactorsandchildren’s BMI-z-score. Subjects:Ten-totwelve-year-oldchildren(n=6374;meanage=11.660.7years,53.2%girls,meanBMI-z-score=0.461.2) andoneoftheirparents(n=6374;meanage=41.465.3years,82.7%female,meanBMI=24.564.2kg/m2)wererecruited from schools in eight European countries (Belgium, Greece, Hungary, the Netherlands, Norway, Slovenia, Spain, and Switzerland). Thechildren self-reported their breakfastfrequency per week. Thebody weightand heightof thechildren wereobjectivelymeasured.Theparentsrespondedtoitemsonfamilyfactors