Angiogenesis and Progression in Human Melanoma英文文献资料.docVIP

HindawiPublishingCorporation DermatologyResearchandPractice Volume2010,ArticleID185687,6pages doi:10.1155/2010/185687 ReviewArticle AngiogenesisandProgressioninHumanMelanoma R.Ria, A.Reale, A.Castrovilli, G.Mangialardi, F.Dammacco, D.Ribatti, andA.Vacca 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 DepartmentofBiomedicalSciencesandHumanOncology,SectionofInternalMedicineandClinicalOncology, UniversityofBariMedicalSchool,BariI-70124,Italy DepartmentofHumanAnatomyandHistology,UniversityofBariMedicalSchool,BariI-70124,Italy 2 CorrespondenceshouldbeaddressedtoR.Ria,ria@dimo.uniba.it Received21December2009;Accepted6April2010 AcademicEditor:KeithHoek Copyright?2010R.Riaetal.ThisisanopenaccessarticledistributedundertheCreativeCommonsAttributionLicense,which permitsunrestricteduse,distribution,andreproductioninanymedium,providedtheoriginalworkisproperlycited. In tumor growth, angiogenesis, the process of new-formation of blood vessels from pre-existing ones, is uncontrolled and unlimited in time. The vascular phase is characterized by the new-formation of vascular channels that enhances tumor cell proliferation,localinvasionandhematogenousmetastasis.Humanmalignantmelanomaisahighlymetastatictumorwithpoor prognosis,andhighresistancetotreatment.Parallelwithprogression,melanomaacquiresarichvascularnetwork,whereasan increasing number of tumor cells express the laminin receptor, which enables their adhesion to the vascular wall, favouring tumorcellextravasationandmetastases.Melanomaneovascularizationhasbeencorrelatedwithpoorprognosis,overallsurvival, ulcerationandincreasedrateofrelapse.Secretionofvariousangiogeniccytokines,i.e.VEGF-A,FGF-2,PGF-1and-2,IL-8,and TGF-1bymelanomacellspromotetheangiogenicswitchandhasbeencorrelatedtotransitionfromtheradialtothevertical growthphase,andtothemetastaticphase.Moreover,melanomacellsoverexpressαvβ3,αvβ5,α2β1andα5β1integrinsandrelease, togetherwithstromalcells,higheramountofmetalloproteasesthatin