Astronomical Algorithms Amended Multi-Millennia Calendar英文文献资料.docVIP

Int. J. Communications, Network and System Sciences, 2011, 4, 483-486 doi:10.4236/ijcns.2011.48059 Published Online August 2011 (http://www.SciRP.org/journal/ijcns) Astronomical Algorithms: Amended Multi-millennia Calendar Boris S. Verkhovsky Computer Science Department, New Jersey Institute of Technology, University Heights, Newark, USA E-mail: verb73@, verb@ Received May 21, 2011; revised June 16, 2011; accepted June 20, 2011 Abstract Three new worldwide calendars are proposed and compared in this paper. None of them requires any depar- ture from an existing tradition to divide years on lean and leap. Although all three are pretty accurate, it is demonstrated that the Julian calendar with one additional amendment is the simplest and the most suitable for implementation. Keywords: Astronomic Algorithm, Julian Calendar, Gregorian Calendar, Error Accumulation, Amendments, Multi-millennia Calendar, Synchronization 1. Introduction and Gregorian Calendar land by an Act of Parliament. French Republican calen- dar was adopted in 1790s. Although Gregorian calendar was adopted in 1923 in the USSR, the Russian Orthodox Church does not recognize it and still celebrates Christ- mas thirteen days later. More details about various cal- endars are provided in [1-4]. Great mathematician and astronomer Carl F. Gauss proposed an algorithm that calculates Easter Sundays in the Gregorian calendar [5]. The Gregorian calendar is proposed by astronomers C. Clavius and L. Lilio. It is basically a Julian calendar with two amendments, {historic details are provided below}. It is reasonable to assume that when the Gregorian calendar has been introduced in XVI century, one of considerations was that such amendments would be easy to implement. Indeed, even with the generally low level of education at that time, there was no difficulty to rec- ognize what year was divisible by 100 and what was divisible by 400. With this