Asymptotic Periodicity of a Higher-Order Difference Equation英文文献资料.docVIP

HindawiPublishingCorporation DiscreteDynamicsinNatureandSociety Volume2007,ArticleID13737,9pages doi:10.1155/2007/13737 ResearchArticle AsymptoticPeriodicityofaHigher-OrderDifferenceEquation StevoStevi′c Received27April2007;Accepted13September2007 Wegiveacompletepictureregardingtheasymptotic periodicity ofpositivesolutionsof thefollowingdi?erenceequation:xn= f(xn?p1,...,x ,x ,...,x ),n∈N0 ,where n?qm p,i∈{1,...,k},andq , j∈{1,...,m},arenatural numbers suchthat p p ··· 1 2 n?pk n?q1 i j k+m p ,q q ···q andgcd(p ,...,p ,q ,...,q )=1,thefunction f ∈C[(0,∞) , k 1 2 m 1 k 1 m (α,∞)],α0,isincreasinginthe?rstkargumentsanddecreasinginothermarguments, there is a decreasing function g ∈C[(α,∞),(α,∞)] such that g(g(x))=x,x∈(α,∞), x= f(x,...,x,g(x),...,g(x)),x∈(α,∞ ),lim g(x)=+∞,andlim g(x)=α.Itis x→+∞ x→α+       k m provedthatifall pi,i∈{1,...,k},areevenandallqj, j∈{1,...,m}areodd,everypos- itivesolution of the equation converges to(not necessarily prime) aperiodic solution ofperiod two,otherwise, every positivesolution oftheequation convergestoaunique positiveequilibrium. Copyright?2007StevoStevi′c.Thisisanopenaccessarticledistributed undertheCre- ativeCommons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproductioninanymedium,providedtheoriginalworkisproperlycited. 1.Introduction Recently,thereisahugeinterestinstudyingnonlineardi?erenceequations; see,forex- ample,[1–29]andthereferencestherein. In[26],weprovedthefollowingtheorem. TheoremA. Considerthefollowingdi?erenceequation:  k i=1αix n?pi, n∈N0, β x n?qj j (1.1) xn=1+ m j=1  2 DiscreteDynamicsinNatureandSociety  k where αi,i∈{1,...,k},and βj, j∈{1,...,m},are positive numbers such that αi= i=1  m β =1,and p,i∈{1,...,k},andq , j∈{1,...,m},arenatural numbers such that j=1 j i p p ···p andq q ···q .Assumethat j 1 2 k 1 2 m  G:=gcd p1,...,pk,q1,...,qm =1. (1.2) Thenifallpi,i∈{1,...,k},areevenandallqj, j∈{1,...,